日本人的英文翻译英语怎么说

英文病例翻译

第一部分病人身份[Identification]

•[Name]姓名

•[Sex]性别•[Age]年龄•[Occupation]职业•[Dateofbirth]出生日期•[Marriage（Maritalstatus）]婚姻

•[Race]民族•[Placeofbirth(Birthplace)]籍贯•[IdentificationNo.(codeofIDcardNo.)]身份证号码•

[.(UnitandBusinessphoneNo.)]工作单位及电话•[Homeaddressand

phoneNo.]家庭住址及电话•[Postcode]邮政编码•[Persontonotify(Correspondent)andphoneNo.]联

系人及电话•[Source(Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider)ofhistory]病史陈术者•[Reliabilityofhistory]

病史可靠程试•[Medicalsecurity(Typeofpayment)]医疗费用•[Typeofadmission(Patientcondition)]住

院类别（入院时病情）•[MedicalrecordNo.]病历号•[Clinicdiagno自讨苦吃的意思 sis]门诊诊断

•[Dateofadmission(admissiondate)]入院日期[Dateofrecord]记录日期

1、年龄的表示方法（以36岁为例）

•36yearsold(y/o)•Age36•36year-old•Theageof36

•36yearsofage

2、性别的表示方法

•[Male,♂]男性•[Female,♀]女性

3、职业的表示方法

•工人[Worker]•退休工作[Retiredworker]•农民[Farmer(peasant)]•干部[Leader(cadre)]•行政人员

[administrativepersonnel(staff)]•职员[staffmember]•商人[Trader(Businessman)]•教师[Teacher]•学生

[Student]•医生[Doctor]•药剂师[Pharmacist]•护士[Nurse]•军人[Soldier]•警察[Policeman]•工程师

[Engineer]•技术员[Technician]•家政人员[Housekeeper]•家庭主妇[Housewife]•营业员[Assistant]•服务员

[Attendant]•售票员[Conductor]

4、民族的表示方法

•汉[Han]•回[Hui]•蒙[Meng]•藏[Tibetan]•朝鲜[Korean]•美国人[American]•日本人[Japanese]•英国人

[Britisher]

5、医疗费用的表示方法

•[Selfpay(Individualmedicalcare)]自费•[Governmentinsruance(Publicmedicalcare)]公费•

[Insurance]保险

•[Localinsurance]本地医保•[Non-localinsurance]外地医保•[Laborprotestioncare]劳保

6、婚姻状况的表示方法

•[Married]已婚•[Single(Unmarried)]未婚•[Diverced]离婚•[Widow]寡妇•[Widower]鳏夫

7、病史可靠程度的表示方法

•[Reliable]可靠

•[Unreliable]不可靠

•[Notentirely]不完全可靠

•[Unobtainable]无法获得

8、住址的表示方法

•[NO.3,QingChunRoadEast,Hangzhou,Zhejiang]浙江省杭州市庆春东路3号

•[XinDongCun,ChengGuanTown,ZhuJimunicipality,zhejiangprovince.]浙江省诸暨市（县）城关镇新

东村

9、病史陈述者的表示方法

•[Patienthimself(herself)]患者本人•[Herhusband]患者的丈夫•[Hiswife]患者的妻子•[Patient`s

colleague]患者的同事

•[Patient`sneighbor]患者的邻居•[Patient`sKin(Mother;Son;daughter;brother;Sister)]患者的亲属(父

亲、母亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹)•[Taximan]出租车司机•[Trafficpolice]交通警察

10、日期的表示方法

•2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002;Oct.1,2002;,2002)](美国)

•2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002;1Oct.,2002;1stofOct.,2002)](英国)

11、住院类别的表示方法

•[Emergent(Emergencycall)]急诊•[Urgent]危重•[Elective(General)]一般（普通）

12、入院时病情的表示方法

•[Stable]稳定•[Unstable]不稳定•[Relativestable]相对稳定•[Critical(Imminent)]危重•[Fair

(General)]一般

第二部分主诉[ChiefComplaint]

1、主诉的表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）

•症状+for+时间

如：[Chestpainfor2hours]胸痛2小时

•症状+of+时间

如：[Nauseaandvomitingofthreedays`duration]恶心呕吐3天

•症状+时间+induration

如：[Headache1monthinduration]头痛1月

•时间+of+症状

如：[Two-dayhistoryoffever]发热2天

2、常见症状

•[Fever]发热

•[Pain]疼痛

•[Edema]水肿

•[Mucocutan千古第一宋词 eoushemorrhage(bleeding)]皮肤粘膜出血

•[Dyspnea(Difficulyinbreathing;Respiratorydifficulty;shortofbreath)]呼吸困难

•[Coughandexpectoration(Sputumhlegm)]咳嗽和咯痰

•[Hemoptysis]咯血

•[Cyanosis]紫绀

•[Palpitation]心悸

•[Chestdiscomfort]胸闷

•[Nausea(Retch;DryVomiting)andVomiting]恶心和呕吐

•[Hematemesis(Vomitingofblood)]呕血

•[Hematochezia(Hemafecia)]便血

•[Diarrhea]腹泻

•[Constipation(Obstipation)]便秘

•[Vertigo(Giddiness;Dizziness)]眩晕

•[Jaundice(Icterus)]黄疸

•[Convulsion]惊厥

•[Disturbanceofconsciousness]意识障碍

•[Hematuria]血尿

•[Frequentmicturition,urgentmicturitionanddysuria]尿频，尿急和尿痛

•[Incontinenceofurine]尿失禁

•[Retentionofurine]尿潴留

（1）发热的表示方法

•[Infective(Septic)fever]感染性发热

•[Non-infective(Aseptic)fever]非感染性发热

•[Dehydration(Inanition)fever]脱水热

•[Drugfever]药物热

•[Functionalhypothermia]功能性低热

•[Absorptionfever]吸收热

•[Centralfever]中枢性发热

•[Fevertype]热型

•[Continuousfever]稽留热

•[Remittentfever]驰张热

•[Intermittentfever]间歇热

•[Undulantfever]波状热

•[Recurrentfever]回归热

•[Periodicfever]周期热

•[Irregularfever]不规则热

•[Ephemeralfever]短暂热

•[Doublepeakedfever]双峰热

•[Feverofundetermined(unknown)origin,FUO]不明原因发热

•[Rigor(shivering;chill;shakingchill;ague)]寒战

•[ChillySensation(Fellchilly;coldfits;coldness)]畏寒

•[Ultra-hyperpyrexia]超高热

•[Hyperthermia(Ahighfever;hyperpyrexia;ardentfever)]高热

•[Moderatefever]中度发热

•[Hypothermia(Low-gradefever;slightfever;subfebriletemperature)]低热

•[Becomefeverish(Haveatemperature)]发热

•[Crisis]骤降

•[Lysis]渐降

•[Typhoidfever]伤寒热

•[Rheumaticfever]风湿热

•[Cancerousfever]癌性发热

•[Fervescenceperiod]升热期

•[Defervescenceperiod]退热期

•[Persistentfebrileperiod]持续发热期

（2）疼痛的表示方法

•[Backache(Backpain)]背痛

•[Lumbago]腰痛

•[Headache]头痛

•[Vasomotorheadache]血管舒缩性头痛

•[Post-traumaticheadache]创伤后头痛

•[Migraineheadache]偏头痛

•[Clusterheadache]丛集性头痛

•[Chestpain]胸痛

•[Precardialpain]心前区痛

•[Retrosternalpain]胸骨后痛

•[Abdominalpain(Stomachache)]腹痛

•[Acrodynia(paininlimbs)]肢体痛

•[Arthrodynia(Arthralgia)]关节痛

•[Dullpain]钝痛

•[Sharppain]锐痛

•[Twingepain]刺痛

•[Knife-likepain(Piercingpain)]刀割（刺）样痛

•[Achingpain]酸痛

•[Burningpain]烧灼痛

•[Colicky(Griping;cramp)pain]绞痛

•[Colic]绞痛

•[Burstingpain]胀痛（撕裂痛）

•[Hungerpain]饥饿痛

•[Ticpain]抽搐痛

•[Bearing-downpain]坠痛

•[Shock-likepain]电击样痛

•[Jumpingpain]反跳痛

•[Tendernesspain]触痛（压痛）

•[Girdle-likepain]束带样痛

•[Wanderingpain]游走性痛

•[Throbbingpain]搏动性痛

•[Radiatingpain]放射性痛

•[Crampingpain]痉挛性痛

•[Boringpain]钻痛

•[Intensepain]剧痛

•[Writhingpain]痛得打滚

•[Draggingpain]牵引痛

•[Laborpain]阵痛

•[Cancerouspain]癌性疼痛

•[Referredpain]牵涉痛

•[Persistentpain(Unremittingpain)]持续性痛

•[Constantpain]经常性痛

•[Intermittentpain]间歇性痛

（3）水肿的表示方法

•[Mucousedema(Myxedema)]粘液性水肿

•[Cardiac(Cardiogenic)edema]心源性水肿

•[Nephrotic(renal)edema]肾源性水肿

•[Hepaticedema]肝源性水肿

•[Alimentary(Nutritional)edema]营养不良性水肿

•[Angioneuroticedema]血管神经性水肿

•[Pitting]凹陷性

•[Nonpitting]非凹陷性

•[Localized(Local)edema]局限性水肿

•[Generalizededema(Anasarca)]全身性水肿

•[Hydrops]积水

•[Elephantiasiccrus]橡皮肿

•[Cerebral(Brain)edema]脑水肿

•[Pulmonaryedema(Hydropneumonia0]肺水肿

•[Hydrocephalus]脑积水

•[Edemaofendoscrinopathy]内分泌病性水肿

•[Invisible(Recessive)edema]隐性水肿

•[Frankedema]显性水肿

•[Inflammatoryedema]炎性水肿

•[Idiopathicedema]特发性水肿

•[Cyclicaledema]周期性水肿

•[Ascites(Abdominaleffusion;hydroperiotoneum)]腹水

•[Pleuraleffusion(Hydrothorax)]胸水

•[Pericardialeffusion(Hydropericardium)]心包积液

•[Bronchoedema]支气管水肿

•[Slight(Mild)]轻度

•[Moderate]中度

•[Serious]重度

•[Transudate]漏出液

•[Exudate]渗出液

（4）呼吸困难的表示方法

•[Cardiacdyspnea]心原性呼吸困难

•[Inspiratory]吸气性

•[Expiratory]呼气性

•[Mixed]混合性

•[Obstructive]梗阻性

•[Dyspneaatrest]静息时呼吸困难

•[Dyspneaonexertion]活动时呼吸困难

•[Dyspneaonlyingdown]躺下时呼吸困难

•[Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea,PND]夜间阵发性呼吸困难

•[Orthopnea]端坐呼吸

•[Asthma]哮喘

•[Cardiacasthma]心源性哮喘

•[Bronchialasthma]支气管性哮喘

•[Hyperpnea]呼吸深快

•[Periodicbreathing]周期性呼吸

•[Tachypnea(Rapidorfastbreathing;acceleratedbreathing;shortofbreath)]气促

•[Bradypnea(Slowbreathing)]呼吸缓慢

•[Irregularbreathing]不规则呼吸

（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法

•[Bleedingspotsintheskin]皮肤出血点

•[Petechia]瘀点

•[Eccymosis]瘀斑

•[Purpura]紫癜

•[Splinterhemorrhage]片状出血

•[Oozingoftheblood(Errhysis)]渗血

•[Bloodblister(Hemophysallis)]血疱

•[Hemorrhinia(Nasalbleeding)]鼻衄

•[Ecchymoma]皮下血肿

（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法

•[Drycough(Nonproductivecough;hackingcough)]干咳

•[Sharpcough]剧咳

•[Wetcough(Moistcough)]湿咳

•[Productivecough(Loosecough)]排痰性咳

•[Chroniccough]慢性咳嗽

•[Irritablecough]刺激性咳嗽

•[Paroxysmalcough]发作性（阵发性）咳嗽

•[Coughcontinually]持续性咳嗽

•[Spasmodiccough]痉挛性咳嗽

•[Whoopingcough]百日咳

•[Wintercough]冬季咳

•[Wheezingcough]喘咳

•[Shortcough]短咳

•[Distressedcough]难咳

•[Shallowcough]浅咳

•[Droplet]飞沫

•[Frothysputum]泡沫样痰

•[Bloodysputum]血痰

•[Mucous(Mucoid)sputum]粘液样痰

•[Purulentsputum]脓痰

•[Mucopurulentsputum]粘液脓性痰

•[White(Yellow,green)sputum]白（黄,绿）痰

•[Fetid(Foul)sputum]恶臭痰

•[Iron-Rust(Rusty)sputum]铁锈色痰

•[Chocolatecolouredsputum]巧克力色痰

•[Thicksputum]浓痰

•[Thinsputum]淡痰

•[Viscoussputum]粘痰

•[Transparentsputum]透明痰

•[Much(Largeamountsof)sputum]大量痰

•[Moderateamountsofsputum]中等量痰

•[Notmuch(Smallamountsof)sputum]少量痰

（7）内脏出血的表示方法

•[Goldstein’shemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血

•[Massivehematemesis]大量呕血

•[Epistasis(Nosebleed;Nasalbleeding;Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄

•[Hematuria]血尿

•[Initialhematuria]初血尿

•[Idiopathichematuria]特发性血尿

•[Painlesshematuria]无痛性血尿

•[Terminalhematuria]终末性血尿

•[Gross赞美爱情的句子唯美短句 (Macroscopic)hematuria]肉眼血尿

•[Microscopichematuria]镜下血尿

•[Hematuriainthewholeprocessofurination]全程血尿

•[Gingivalbleeding(Ulaemorrhagia;gumbleeding)]牙龈出血

•[Hematochezia]便血

•[Bloodystool]血便

•[Blackstool(Melena)]黑便

•[Tarrystool]柏油样便

•[Bleedingfollowingtrauma]外伤后出血

•[Spontaneousbleeding]自发性出血

•[BleedingContinuously]持续出血

•[Occultblood,OB]隐血

•[Hematobilia]胆道出血

•[Hemathorax]血胸

•[Hemarthrosis]关节积血

•[Hematocoelia]腹腔积血

•[Hematoma]血肿

•[Hemopericardium]心包积血

•[Cerebralhemorrhage]脑出血

•[Subarachnoidhemorrhage(SAH)]蛛网膜下腔出血

•[Excessive(Heavy)menstrualflowwithpassageofclots]月经量多伴血块

•[Mild(Moderate)menses]月经量少（中等）

•[PainlessVaginalbleeding]无痛性阴道出血

•[Postcoitalbleeding]性交后出血

•[Pulsatingbleeding]搏动性出血

•[Post-operationwoundhemorrhage]术后伤口出血

•[Excessivebleedingafterdenalextraction]拔牙后出血过多

（8）紫绀的表示方法

•[Congenitalcyanosis]先天性紫绀

•[Enterogenous]肠源性

•[Central]中枢性

•[Peripheral]周围性

•[Mixed]混合性

•[Acrocyanosis]指端紫绀

（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法

•[Vomiturition(Retching)]干呕

•[Feelnauseated]恶心感

•[Postprandialnausea]饭后恶心

•[Hiccup]呃逆

•[Sourregurgitation]返酸

•[Fecal(Stercoraceous)vomiting]吐粪

•[undigestedfoodVomiting]吐不消化食物

•[BiliousVomiting]吐胆汁

（10）腹泻与便秘的表示方法

•[Moningdiarrhea]晨泻

•[Watery(Liquid)diarrhea]水泻

•[Mucousdiarrhea]粘液泻

•[Fattydiarrhea]脂肪泻

•[Chronic(Acute)]慢性（急性）

•[Milddiarrhea]轻度腹泻

•[Intractable(Uncontrolled)diarrhea]难治性腹泻

•[Protracteddiarrhea]迁延性腹泻

•[Bloodystool]血梗

•[Frothystool]泡沫样便

•[Formless(Formed)stool]不成形（成形）便

•[Loose(Hard)stool]稀（硬）便

•[Rice-waterstool]米泔样便

•[Undigestedstool]不消化便

•[Dysentericdiarrhea]痢疾样腹泻

•[Inflammatorydiarrhea]炎症性腹泻

•[Osmotic]渗透性

•[Secretory]分泌性

•[Malabsorption]吸收不良性

•[Lienteric]消化不良性

•[Pancreaticdiarrhea]胰性腹泻

•[Tenesmus]里急后重

•[Passastool(Haveapassage;openorrelaxthebowel)]解大便

•[Haveacallofnature]便意

•[Fecalincontinence(Copracrasia)]大便失禁

•[Functionalconstipation]功能性便秘

•[Organicconstipation]器质性便秘

•[Habitualconstipation]习惯性便秘

•[Haveatendencytobeconstipated]便秘倾向

（11）黄疸的表示方法

•[Latent(occult)jaundice]隐性黄疸

•[Clinicaljaundice]显性黄疸

•[Nuclearicterus]核黄疸

•[Physiologicicterus]生理性黄疸

•[Icterussimplex]传染性黄疸

•[Toxemicicterus]中毒性黄疸

•[Hemolytic]溶血性

•[Hepatocellular]肝细胞性

•[Obstructive]阻塞性

•[Congenital]先天性

•[Familial]家族性

•[Cholestatic]胆汁淤积性

•[Hematogenous]血源性

•[Malignant]恶性

•[Painless]无痛性

（12）意识障碍的表示方法

•[Somnolence]嗜睡

•[Confusion]意识模糊

•[Stupor]昏睡

•[Coma]昏迷

•[Delirium]谵妄

•[Syncope(swoon;faint)]晕厥

•[Drowsiness]倦睡

（13）排尿的表示方法

•[Enuresis(Bed-wetting)]遗尿

•[Anuria]无尿

•[Emictioninterruption]排尿中断

•[Interruptionofurinarystream]尿线中断

•[Nocturia]夜尿

•[Oliguria]少尿

•[Polyuria]多尿

•[Passwater(Makewater;urinate;micturition)]排尿

•[Frequentmicturition(Frequencyofmicturition;fruquenturination;

Pollakiuria)]尿频

•[Urgentmicturition(Urgencyofurinationormicturition)]尿急

•[Urodynia(Painonmicturition;painfulmicturition;alginuresis;micturitionpain)]尿痛

•[Dysuria(Difficultyinmicturition;disturbanceofmicturition)]排尿困难

•[Smallurinarystream]尿线细小

•[Voidwithagoodstream]排尿通畅

•[Guttateemiction(Dribblingfollowingurination;terminaldribbling)]滴尿

•[Bifurcationofurination]尿流分叉

•[Residualurine]残余尿

•[Extravasationofurine]尿外渗

•[Stressincontinence]压力性尿失禁

•[Overflowincontinence]溢出性尿失禁

•[Paradoxicalincontinence]反常性尿失禁

3．少见症状

•[Weekness(Debility;asthenia;debilitating)]虚弱（无力）

•[Fatigue(Tire;lassitude)]疲乏

•[Discomfort(Indisposition;malaise)]不适

•[Wasting(thin;underweight;emaciation;lean)]消瘦

•[Nightsweating]盗汗

•[Sweat(Perspiration)]出汗

•[Coldsweat]冷汗

•[Pruritus(Iching)]搔痒

•[Asthma]气喘

•[Squeezing(Tightness;choking;pressing)sensationofthechest]胸部紧缩

（压榨）感

•[Intermittentclaudication]间歇性跛行

•[Difficultyinswallowing(Dysphagia;difficultswallowing;acataposis)]吞咽困难

•[Epigastric(Upperabdominal)discomfort]上腹部不适

•[Anorexia(Sitophobia)]厌食

•[Poorappetite(Lossofappetite)]纳差

•[Heart-burn(Pyrosis)]胃灼热

•[Stomachache(Paininstomach)]胃部痛

•[Periumbilialpain]脐周痛

•[Belching(Eructation)]嗳气

•[Sourregurgitation]返酸

•[Abdominaldistention(bloating)]腹胀

•[Passgas(Breakwink)]肛门排气

•[Small(Large)stool]大便少（多）

•[Expel(Pass)worms]排虫

•[Painovertheliver]肝区痛

•[Lumbago]腰痛

•[Pica(Parorexia;allotriophagy)]异食癖

•[Dysmenorrhea]痛经

•[Menoxenia(Irregularmenstruation)]月经不调

•[Polymenorrhea(Epimenorrhea)]月经过频

•[Oligomenorrhea]月经过少

•[Excessivemenstruation(Menorrhagia;menometrorrhagia;hypermenorrhea)]经量过多

•[Hypomenorrhea(Scantymenstruation)]经量过少

•[Menopause(Menostasia;menostasis)]绝经

•[Amenorrhea(Menoschesis)]闭经

•[Leukorrhagia]白带过多

•[Asexuality(lackoflibido)]无性欲

•[Hyposexuality]性欲低下

•[Hypersexuality]性欲亢进

•[Prospermia(Ejaculatiopraecox)]早泄

•[Impotency(impotence)]阳萎

•[Nocturnalemission(Spermatorrhea)]遗精

•[Lackofpotency]无性交能力

•[Hairloss]脱发

•[Jointpain(Arthralgia;arthrodynia)]关节痛

•[Polydipsia(Excessivethirst)]多饮（烦渴）

•[Polyphagia(Excessiveappetite;hyperorexia;bulimia)]多食

•[Cold(Heat)intolerance]怕冷（热）

•[Dwarfism(Excessiveheight)]身材矮小（高大）

•[Excessivesweating]多汗

•[Handstremble]手抖

•[Obesity(Fatty)]肥胖

•[Agitation(Anxiety;nervousirritability)]焦虑（忧虑）

•[Mania]躁狂

•[Hallucination]幻觉

•[Aphasia(Logopathy)]失语

•[Amnesia(Poormemorization;memorydeterioration)]记忆力下降

•[Hemianesthesia]偏身麻木

•[Formication]蚁走感

•[Tingling]麻刺感

•[Hyperpathia]痛觉过敏

•[Hypalgesia]痛觉减退

•[Illusion]错觉

•[Hemiplegia]半身不遂

•[Insomnia(Poorsleepness;sleeplessness)]失眠

•[Nightmare]多梦

•[Numbness]麻木

•[Paininlimbs(Acrodynia)]肢体痛

•[Limitationofmotion]活动受限

•[Tetany]手足抽搐

•[Dischargeofpus]流脓

•[Blurredvision(Hazyvision;blurringofvision;dimnessofvision)]视物模糊

•[Burning(Dry)sensation]烧灼（干燥）感

•[Tearing(Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)]流泪

•[Doublevision(Diplopia)]复视

•[Strabismus]斜视

•[Hemianopia]偏盲

•[Tiredeyes(Eyestrain)]眼疲劳

•[Foreignbodysensation]异物感

•[Losethesight(Loseofvision)]失明

•[Diminutionofvision]视力减退

•[Nictition]眨眼

•[Ophthalmodynia(Eye-ache;ocularpain)]眼痛

•[Photophobia]畏光

•[Spotsbeforetheeyes]眼前黑点

•[Deafness(Anacusia)]耳聋

•[Auditorydysesthesia]听力减退

•[Otalgia(Otodynia;painintheear;ear-ache)]耳痛

•[Stuffyfeelingintheear]耳闭气

•[Tinnitus]耳鸣

•[Outophony]自声过强

•[Nasalobstruction(blockage)]鼻塞

•[Drynessofthenose]鼻干燥

•[Rhinorrhea(Snivel;Nasaldischarge)]流鼻涕

•[Sneezing]打喷嚏

•[Snoring]打鼾

•[Hyposmia(Reductionofthesenseofsmell)]嗅觉减退

•[Anosmia(Completelossofsenseofsmell)]嗅觉丧失

•[Dysphonia]发音困难

•[Hoarseness]声嘶

•[Painonswallowing]吞咽痛

•[Salivadribbliesfromthemouth]流涎

•[Troatyvoice]声音沙哑

•[Stridor]喘鸣

•[Redandswollen]红肿

•[Scurf]头皮屑

•[Show]见红

•[Amnioticfluidescaped]破水

•[Uterinecontraction]宫缩

•[Acalculia]计算不能

•[Apathy]情感淡漠

•[Delusion]妄想

第三部分现病史[Historyofpresentillness(HPI/PI)]

现病史书写的重点包括：

一、主诉中症状的详细描述；

二、疾病的发展过程；

三、诊疗经过；

四、目前的一般情况。

1、诱因

•无诱因下[Withnoinducingfactors]

•无明显诱因下[Undernoobviouspredisposingcauses]

•感冒一周后[Aftergetting(catching)commoncoldfor1week]

2、症状出现的叙述

•有……症状

•sufferfrom

•haveanattackof

•have(fell)

•begintofell

•afeeling(sensation)of……

•complain(of)

•……sensation(feeling)in(of)……

•[发热]haveatemperature(becomefeverish)

•在……情况下发生

•活动时呼吸困难[dyspneaonexertion]

•躺下后即出现咳嗽[Coughoccurssoonafterlying]

•与……有（无）关

•与……有关[beassociatedwith]

•与……有关[have(make)relationto]

•与……无关[have(make)norelationto]

•在……情况下加重（减轻）

•餐后加重[becomeworseaftertakingmeals]

•站立后缓解[berelievedbystandingup]

•随呼吸和咳嗽而加重[becomemoreseverewithbreathingandcough]

•伴有……

•beaccompaniedby

3、起病方式

•急性腹痛[acuteabdominalpain]

•慢性低热[chroniclowerfever]

•暴发性发病[theonsetwasfulminati形容雨的诗句古诗 ng]

•骤起胸痛[anexplosiveonsetofchestpain]

•突然起病伴高热[theonsetwassuddenwithhighfever]

•突发突止[attacksbeganandendedabruptly]

•因……而突然起病[theattackisprecipitatedby……]

•很快发生晕厥[syncopeoccuredrapidly]

•逐渐出现咳嗽咳痰[gradualonsetofcoughandsputum]

•偶而[occasionally(sporadically,accidentally)]

•反复胸闷心悸[recurrent(boutsof)chestdiscomfortandpalpitation]

•一过性发作[transitoryattack]

•连续胸痛[chestpaincontinually]

•时重时轻[wanedandwaxed]

•时好时坏[hanginthebalance]

•不停地咳嗽[haveafitofcough]

•发作性呼吸困难[paroxysmalshortofbreath]

•频繁咳嗽[coughfrequently(veryoften)]

•持续性（间歇性）[persistent(intermittent)]

•频发胸痛[frequentepisodesofchestpain]

•持续不变[besteady]

4、病情变化描述

•[症状好转]•fellbetterthanbefore

•takeafavorableturn

•takeaturnforthebetter

•improve

•makefavorableprogress

•turnforthebetter

•changeforthebetter

•bebetter

•[症状减轻]•alleviate

•reduce

•palliate

•diminish

•ease(lighten)

•mitigate

•[症状消失]•disappear

•subside

•regress

•clearup

•vanish

•dissolve

•die(fade)away

•relieve

•[症状加重]•be(make,become,get)worse

•worsen

•becomemoresevere

•takeaturnfortheworse

•beaggravated

•increaseinseverity

•takeabadturn

•make(become)moreserious

•make(become)heavier

•[无变化]•remainthesameas……

•continuewithoutchange

•beidentical

•bealike

•besimilar

•resemble

•[时好时坏]•waneandwax

•hanginthebalance

•[体温/血压升降]

•升至[rise(Goup)to]

•已升至[haverisen(goneup)to]

•从……升至……[goupfrom……to……]

•升至[beelevatedto]

•迅速下降[fall(decline,abate)abruptly]

•骤降（升）[suddendrop(elevation)]

•渐降（升）[fall(elevate)gradually]

•缓慢下降[slowcrisis(lysis)of]

•一天天下降[be(become)lowerdaybyday]

•开始降低[begintoremit]

•降至正常[drop(wasreduced)tonormal]

•已降至[havegonedown(dropped)to]

•回复到正常[return(revert)tonormal]

•由……降（升）至……[fall(elevate)from……to……]

•维持在……水平[maintainatalevelof……]

•稳定在……[stabilizeat……]

•热退了[feverdisappeared]

•不超过[donotgoupover(exceed)……]

•在……和……之间波动[fluctuate(vary)between……

and……]

•在……至……范围内[rangefrom……to……]

•平均38.5℃[anaveragetemperatureof38.5℃]

•有39.2℃的体温[havefever(atemperature)of39.2℃]

5、症状的时间表示

•持续•lastedfor2days

•havegoneonfor1month

•havecontinuedfor10hours

•lastedontheaverage3-5hours

•lastedavariabletimefrom5minutestoseveralhours

•lastedabouthalfanhour

•超过（不到）[movethan(lessthan)]

•……以前[twoyearsago]

•多在……时发生[usuallybetween3and5PM]

•未发作过[befreeofonsets(attacks)for2weeks]

6、症状的严重程度

•轻度[mild(slight)]

•中度[moderate]

•重度[severe(serious)]

7、症状的其他描述方法

•[部位]•belocated(situated)in(over)[位于]

•Thereislocalizedpainin……[疼痛位于]

•near……[在……附近]

•belocalizedto(in,over)[局限于]

•belimited(confined)to[局限于]

•[表示部位的介词]

•心尖部，表示小的部位或点[attheapex]

•上腹部，表示大的部位[intheupperabdomen]

•在左下肢，表示皮肤表面上（下）的病变[on(beneath)the

leftlowerlimb]

•在右肺，表示正上方的相应体表部位[overtherightlung]

•嘴上（下）方，表示高低或上下的位置关系[above(below)

themouth]

•左乳皮下[undertheskinoftheleftbreast]

•[转移/放射]

•转移到……[shift(migrate)to…写出关于秋天的诗句 …]

•放射到……[radiate(travel,go,refer)to……]

•从……放射到……[radiatefrom……to……]

•[耳鼻咽喉及口腔症状]

•耳痛[otalgia(painofears)]

•耳鸣[tinnitus(earsring)]

•耳鸣[abuzzing(ringing,sin王维的古诗20首一二年级 ging)intheears]

•左耳有耳鸣感[abuzzingsensationintheleftear]

•耳聋[deafness(lossinhearing)]

•左耳聋[bedeafoftheleftear]

•耳流脓[otorrhea(otopyorrhea)]

•耳出血[otorrhagia]

•耳垢[cerumen(earwax)]

•耳血肿[othematoma]

•鼻塞[nasalobstruction]

•不能用鼻呼吸[beunabletobreathethrough(by)thenose

(nasaldyspnea)]

•打喷涕和流涕[sneezingandnasaldischarge]

•水样鼻涕[wateryrhinorrhea]

•鼻出血[nosebleed]

•咽喉痛[sorethroat]

•口吃[stuttering]

•口臭[ozostomia(saburra,halitosis)]

•张口困难[difficult(inability)toopenthemouth]

•张口（吞咽、嚼）困难[difficultinopeningthemouth

(swallowing，masticating)]

•咽下困难[dysphagia]

•流涎多[haveexcessivesalvation]

•[眼科及牙科症状]

•眼睑浮肿[eyelidedema]

•眼痛[painintheeyes]

•视边模糊[blurringofvision(blurredvision)]

•过度流泪[excessivetearing(watering)]

•视疲劳[asthenopia(visionaltired)]

•视力减退[hypopsia(diminutionofvision)]

•视力衰弱[ophthalmocopia]

•远（近）视力模糊[indistinctdistant(near)vision]

•失明[lossofvision]

•搏动性牙痛[throbbingpainoftooth(odontalgia)]

•牙龈出血[gingivalbleeding]

•牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingivalatrophy(hypertrophy)]

•牙周溢脓[peripyema]

•[妇产科症状]

•月经过多[excessivemenstrualflow(menorrhagia)]

•月经多并伴血块[experiencemenorrhagiawithpassageof

clots]

•经量少（中等、多）[mild(moderate,heavy)menses]

•月经过少[hypomenorrhea]

•阴道出血[vaginalbleeding(colporrhagia)]

•阴道大出血[massive(profuse)vaginalbleeding]

•无痛性（性交后）阴道出血[painless(postcoital)vaginal

bleeding]

•阴道干燥[colpoxerosis]

•月经规则（不规则）[rugular(irregular)menstrualcycle]

•月经周期26天，持续4天[menstrualperiodsof26daysand

lasted4days]

•白带增多[leukorrhagia(profuseleukorrheaorwhites)]

•外阴搔痒[pruritusofvulva]

•外阴湿疹（白斑）[eczema(leukoplakia)ofvulva]

•绝经[amenorrhea]

•停经[menopause]

•停经3年[3yearspostmenopausal]

•50岁停经[Passedmenopauseatage50]

•经前（期）痛[painbefore(during)theflow]

•预产期[expecteddateofconfinement]

•见红和破水[showandamnioticfluidescaped(ruptureof

membranes)]

•羊水过多（少）[polyhydramnios(oligohydramnios)]

•月经期水肿[menstrualedema]

•月经失调[menstrualdisorder]

•性欲正常（减退）[normal(decreased)libido]

•无性欲[lossoflibido]

•性功能障碍[sexualdisorder]

•性变态[paraphilia]

•性要求高（低）[beoversexed(undersexed)]

•性感不快[dypareunia]

•性欲亢进（减退）[hypersexuality(hyposexuality)]

•产程[stageoflabor]

•产程延长[prolongedlabor]

•产道裂伤（损伤）[laceration(injury)ofbirthcanal]

•产后腹痛（出血，尿潴留，子痫）[postpartumtormina

(hemorrhage,retentionofurine,eclampsia)]

•产前出血[antepartumhemorrhage]

•产前子痫[prenataleclampsia]

•产前检查[prenatalexamination]

•产褥热[puerperalfever]

•产褥期护理[pureperalcare]

•妊娠呕吐[vomitingofpregnancy(hyperemesisgravidarum)]

•妊娠反应[pregnancyreaction]

•妊娠高血压（水肿）[gestationhypertension(edema)]

•[病程中的一般情况]

•一般情况尚可（一般、差）[generalconditionisfair(ordinary,bad)]

•胃纳佳（差）[haveagood(poor)appetite]

•过度进食[eattoomuch(overeat,eatheavily)]

•过少进食[eatpoorly(takelittlefood)]

•无食欲[havenoappetite]

•食欲减退[appetitedecreases]

•口渴[feelthirsty]

•大量饮水[drinkwatergenerously]

•体重增加[gaininweight]

•体重增加8公斤[a8kilogramsweightgain(gain8kilograms)]

•体重减轻[lossofweight(weightloss)]

•体重稳定不变[bodyweightisstable(unchanged,maintained)]

•睡眠障碍[somnipathy]

•睡眠不足[lack(want)ofsleep]

•不易入睡[havetroublegettingtosleep]

•容易入睡[fallintoasleepveryeasily]

•睡眠过度[hypersomnia]

•睡行症[sleepwalking]

•嗜（贪）睡[somnolence(befondofsleep)]

•夜晚因……而易醒[easilywakenedatnightbecauseof……]

•失眠[haveinsomnia]

•睡眠差（好）[sleepispoor(good)]

•消化不良[dyspepsia(havebaddigestion)]

•大（小）便通畅[stool(urination)iseasyandsmooth(unobstructed,clear)]

•每日2次大便[havetwostoolsdaily]

•含粘液的水样便[waterystoolscoutainingmucus]

•便秘（腹泻）[constipation(diarrhea)]

•排尿困难[difficultyinmicturition]

•尿频（急）[frequency(urgency)ofmicturition]

•尿痛[micturitionpain]

•少尿（无尿、多尿）[oliguria(anuria,polyuria)]

•大便失禁[fecalincontinence]

•小便失禁[incontinenceofurine]

•精神不振[lassitude]

•精神紧张（抑郁）[mentalstress(depression)]

•精神混乱[confusion]

•精神失常[amentia(mentalstateisbad)]

•精神状态正常[orthophrenia(mentalstateisgood)]

•体力旺盛（不足，正常）[hypersthenia(hyposthenia,euthesia)]

第四部分过去史、系统回顾和个人史

（Pasthistory,systemsreviewandpersonalhistory）

1、过去史[pasthistory]

•无药物（食物）过敏史[nopasthistoryofallergytodrugs(food)]

•有青霉素过敏史[haveallergichistoryofpencillin]

•有肺结核接触史[therewascontacthistoyoflungtuberculosis]

•2000年6月因急性阑尾切除术[AppendectomywasdoneinJune,2000duetoacuteappendicitis]

•健康状况佳（差）[healthstatewasgood(bad)]

•既往体健[bewell(healthy)before]

•否认既往心、肺疾病史[denyanyhistoryofpriorheartandlungdisease]

•10岁时（20年前）曾患过……[sufferedfrom……atage10(20yearsago)]

•易患……[beliable(subjuct,apt)to……]

•不详[notindetail(notquiteclear)]

•外伤史[rtaumahistory]

•预防接种史[historyofpreventiveinoculation]

2、系统回顾[systemreview]

•呼吸系统：咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难、胸痛、盗汗、发热[respiratorysystem:cough,sputum,shortofbreath,

chestpain,nightsweeting,fever.]

•循环系统：心悸、胸痛、气促、咳嗽和咯血、水肿、晕厥、头晕[Circulatorysystem:palpitation,chestpain,

shortofbreath,coughandhemoptysis,edema,syncope,dizziness.]

•消化系统：嗳气、返酸、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、恶心和呕吐[alimentarysystem:belching,sourregurgitation,

abdominaldistension,,diarrhea,nauseaandvomiting.]

•泌尿系统：排尿困难、尿频和尿急、尿痛、腹痛、水肿[urinarysystem:difficultyinmicturition,frequencyand

rugencyofmicturition,painfulmicturition,abdominalpain,edema.]

•造血系统：乏力、头晕、心悸、出血[hematopoieticsystem:fatigue,dizziness,palpitation,bleeding.]

•内分泌系统：心悸、怕热、多汗、烦渴、水肿、手抖、消瘦和肥胖[endocrinesystem:palpitation,heatintolerance,

excessivesweeting,polydipsia,edema,handtremble,wastingandobesity.]

•神经系统：头痛、晕厥、头晕和眩晕、失眠、偏瘫、失语[nervoussystem:headache,coma,dizzinessand

vertigo,insomnia,hemiplegia,aphasia.]

•运动系统：关节痛、麻木、跛行、瘫痪[motorsystem:jointpain,numbness,claudication,paralysis.]

3、个人史[personalhistory]

•出生于（出生地）[wasbornin(birthplace)]

•出生后一直生活[havelivedin……(there)sincebirth]

•曾（未曾）去过北方[have(denyhaving)beentothenorth]

•受教育程度（文盲、小学、中学、大学）[educationallevel(illiterate,primary,middle,highgrade)]

•业余爱好[hobby(befondof,bekeenof,interest)]

•从事……职业[beengagedin]

•卫生习惯和嗜好[healthhabitandspecialaddiction]

•不洁性交（性行为）史[historyofuncleancoitus(sexualbehavior)]

•不吸烟[nosmoking(notasmoker)]

•吸烟20年，每天2包[havesmokedtwopackagesofcigaretteadayfor20years]

•戒烟[giveup(stop)smoking]

•戒烟[smokingabstinence(withdrawal)]

•不饮酒[noalcoholuse]

•偶而少量饮酒[drinklittleliquoroccasionally]

•过度饮酒[drinkheavily(toomuch)]

•每天饮酒0.5公斤[drink(imbibe)about0.5kilogramaday]

•酒精性饮料[alcoholicbeverage]

•偏食[foodpreference(particularwithfood)]

•无偏食[读书破万卷下笔如有神书法作品 nolikesordislikesinfood]

•偏爱……[havepartialityfor(showefavoritismto,bepartialto,like)]

第五部分月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史

Menstrual,marritalandchildbearinghistoryandfamilyhistory]

1、月经史[menstrualhistory]

•初潮年龄[ageofmenarche]

•月经周期[menstrualcycle]

•行经期[menstrualperiod]

•未次月经时间[lastmenstrualperiod(LMP)]

•闭经年龄[ageofmenostasis]

•白带过多[profuseleukorrhea(whites)]

•月经过多[menorrhagia(hyper柳永最著名的5首诗 menorrhea,menometrorrhagia)]

•月经过少[hypomenorrhea(scantymenstruation)]

•月经过频[polymenorrhea]

•月经稀发[oligomenorrhea]

•月经不调[menoxenia(irregularmenses,menstrualdisorder)]

•月经正常[eumenorrhea(regularmenses)]

•经前水肿（疼痛）[premenstrualedema(pain)]

•经量少（中、大）量[mild(moderate,heavy)meustrualblood]

•痛经[dysmenorrhea(painduringtheflow)]

•36岁就停经了[passthemenopauseatage36]

2、婚姻史[marritalhistory]

•未婚（已婚）[single(married)]

•结婚年龄[ageofwedding]

•配偶的健康状况[healthstatusofpartner(spouse)]

•性生活和谐（不和谐）[sexuallifeisharmonious(disorder)]

•夫妻关系和睦（不和睦）[relationofhusbandandwifeisamicable(hostile)]

•近亲（非近亲）结婚[consanguineous(nonconsanguineous)marriage]

3、生育史[childbearinghistory]

•妊娠（生育）次数和年龄[timesandageofpregnancy(childbearing)]

•怀孕和生产次数[pregnanciesandlabors]

•人工（自然）流产次数[timesofinduced(spontaneous)abortion(miscarriage)]

•流产[miscarriage(abortion)]

•死胎（产）[deadfetus(birth)]

•割腹产[caesareanbirth(bebornbycaesareansection)]

•子女数[numberofchildren]

•早产（儿）[prematurebirth(bady)]

•足月产[termlabor]

•产褥热（感染）[puerperalfever(infection)]

•计划生育[familyplanning(birthcontrol)]

•用避孕环（药、油膏、套、栓）避孕[contraceptionbyintrauterinering(contraceptives,ointment,condom,

supposity)]

•节育手术[contraceptiveoperation]

•自然分娩[bedeliverednormallyandspontaneously(spontaneouslabor)]

•产钳分免[forcepsdelivery(bedeliveredbyforceps)

•产前（后）子痫[antepartum(postpartum)eclampsia]

•出生时3.5公斤重，48厘米高[3.5kilogramsand48cminheightatbirth]

•母乳喂养[breastfeeding(befedatbreast)]

•人工喂养[artificialfeeding]

•发育正常[normaldevelopment]

•发育异常(停顿、缺陷、畸形)[developmentalanomaly(arrest,defect,deformity)]

•发育迟缓（过渡）[hypoevolutism(hypergenesis)]

4、家庭史[familyhistory]

•父母（兄弟，姐妹和儿女）的健康状况和疾病情况[healthstatusandillness

ofparents(brothers,sistersandchildren)]

•同样疾病[thesamesickness]

•遗传疾病[heredopathia(geneticdisease)]

•遗传特征[hereditaryfeature]

•死因[causeofdeath]

•健康[behealthy(beingoodhealthy)]

•健在[belivingandwell]

•无……家族史[nofamilyhistoryof……]

•死于……[dieof……]