Mvamba是什么意思mba在线翻译读音例句

裘皮的英文译语怎么说-英文字母正确读音

2023年4月19日发(作者：nonzero)翻译练习
How are you?
How old are you?
MBA联考常用翻译方法与技巧[1]
根据英汉两种语言的特点，翻译中的常见方法有增词法、减词法、转化法、分译法和合译
法等等。具体翻译技巧如下：
I．增词法：为了适应汉语的表达习惯，适当地添加或补充在意义上、修饰上和语法上的隐
含的部分。如：
1. … with her hands 双手
a) A runner from Kenya has won the 42km Boston
Marathon. 长跑选手
b) … ，if/when… 如果……, 那么……
c) I was late, because I got up late … 因为……, 所以……
d) … , although …, 虽然……, 但是……
e) …, but… 虽然……, 但是……
f) …, unless/if…not… 除非……, 否则……
g) only to do (find ) 表失望、惋惜、不悦、难堪、悲惨等负面效果和情感结果发现。。。
. Green ran all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 15 minutes
before.
hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
II．减词法：又称省略法，即减去不符合汉语表达的英语词语
1. After getting up, I wash my face, brush my teeth, and comb my hair.
2. Hurry up or you will miss your train.
1. If I had asked for directions, I wouldn’t have gotten lost.
2. It is raining.
3. It’s true that she’s ill
4. She found it difficult to get along with him.
5. Where there is a will, there is a way.
6. There is no doubt that we’ll win.
翻译难点详解

英译汉是更高层次的阅读理解。考生不仅要有较高的阅读理解能力，确实能将文中指
定句子的确切含义理解透彻，还要有较好的汉语表达水平，做到“既能意会，又可言传”。

一、定语从语的译法
1. 前置译法：
限制性定语从句往往要译成 “……的” 前置定语结构，若分开译往往会影响主句意思

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的完整。也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或
因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，也可译成前置定语结构。
（1）The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body
temperature is at its peak.
一个人一天内感觉精力最充沛的时刻是他的体温循环周期处在巅峰的时刻。
（2） My mother’s laugh, which was very infectious broke the silence.
,
我妈妈富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
（3）…because every identification number you have in Social Security, credit cards
or driver’s license is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods…
（MBA 2004）
因为你在社保卡、信用卡或者驾照上的身份号都会是打开你财物仓库的一把钥匙。
（4）Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they
already were comfortable in. (MBA 2003)
大多数新成立的公司都将其成功的主要原因归结为选择了他们早已熟悉了的行当。

2. 后置译法:
在非限制性定语从句中使用普遍。此外，有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂，译成前置
定语显得太长，而且/或不符合汉语表达习惯，则应破译成后置的并列分句，作进一步的连
贯叙述。
（1）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are quite
different
.
我们见过很多化学变化。它们与物理变化截然不同。
（2） Kennedy was rushed to a hospital where he died immediately.
肯尼迪被紧急送往一家医院。随即，他便在那里去世。
（3） It (society) needs men who can be prompted without an aim except the aim to
be on the move, to function, to go ahead.
介词短语without an aim except 是双重否定，表示“除了某种目标再没有其它的”。
社会需要这样的人：他们只为一种目标所激励，即积极行动、恪尽职守、奋发向前。

3. 合成译法：
将被修饰词/先行词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法，如：
There be 结构；如果主语压缩成汉语词组后用作其他句子成分，那么定语从句可译为一个
句子。
（1）There are some metals which are lighter than water
.
有些金属比水轻。
（2）There is a sense in which morality and expedience need not conflict.
从某种意义上说，道义和权宜之计不一定冲突。
（3）There are probably questions we can think up that be answered, sooner
nocan’t
or later, including even the matter of consciousness. 双重否定句。双定语
从句。
迟早，凡是我们能想得出的问题都能得到解答，甚至包括意识问题。

4. 译成状语从句：
有些定语从句形式上是定语，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，说明主句的原因﹑结

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果、目的﹑条件﹑让步等关系，翻译时应按其语法功能，译成汉语各种相应的复句。
（1） They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously
throughout the country.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈来愈猛，遍及全国。
（2）A cat, whose eyes can take in more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly
in the night.
与人的眼睛相比，猫的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚。
（3）There is no bad habitthat may not be cured by a strong willpower
.
只要有坚强的意志，就没有什么坏韦太后一天接待了多少人习惯不能改掉。
（4）The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention
to that shipwreck.
女记者想写篇文章，以便能够应起公众对那起沉船事件的关注。
（5）For instance, a capable corporate manager might see an alarming rise in local
housing prices
that could affect the availability of skilled workers in the region. (MBA
2005)
譬如，精干的企业经理会把当地的房价上涨看作是一种危险信号，因为房价上涨可能
会影响到能否在当地招到熟练工。

二、否定句的译法
否定句包括部分否定﹑全部否定﹑双重否定﹑否定转移﹑隐含否定等，是阅读理解、
翻译的重点和难点。
1. 部分否定
All, both, everyone等表示整体概念的词与否定词连用时，只表示部分否定。
(1) All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并不一定都是金子。
(2) Everybody does not believe the rumor. 并非人人都相信那个谣言。
2. 全部否定
要用none, neither, nobody, no one, nothing等表示全部否定。
(1) She is no doctor. 她根本不是医生。
(2) But for the heat of the sun, nothing could live. 若不是有太阳的热量，什么也
不能生存。
3. 双重否定
用来加强语气，或使语气委婉含蓄，既可译成双重否定形式，也可译成肯定形式。
no…not (no) 没有…不 no less than 简直是，和…一样
without…no 没有…就不 not…any the less 没有…而少做
never (no，not)…without 每逢…总是 none but 仅，只有
nothing but 只不过/it is anything none the less 依然，然而
but safe cannot but/can’t help but 只好，只
能
词组中的but相当于that / which / who…not
(1) There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
(2) There is nothing unusual there. 那儿一切正常。
(3) There was nobody but felt excited. 没有一人不感到兴奋的。
4. 否定转移
有时not并不是否定谓语，而是否定句中其他成分。翻译时，应判定否定的对象和范围，

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结合上下文真正理解句意。
(1) I don’t think he will come tomorrow.
我想他明天不会来了。（否定宾语。此外，suppose, believe, expect等词使用得较多。）
(2) She did not come because she wanted to see me.
她来并不是因为她想看我。（否定原因状语从句）
(3) Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because
I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.
当然，我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为
自己能够解答问题或者因为我满腹学问，情不自禁地要与别人分享。（否定原因状语从
句+部分倒装句）
5. 隐含否定: 可分为两类
第一类，“形式上肯定，意义上否定”。隐含否定意义的词或词组有：
too…to 太…而不能 beneath 不值得
instead of 而不是… more than…can /could 无法，所不及
free from/of 免于…，没有… would rather…than 宁愿…而不
far from 远非 unless 除非， or 否则
fail to /in vain 未能 other than 不同于，除了
the last thing( to do) 最不可能的，最 rather than 不是
不愿意的 more…than 不是…而是
fall short of 未达到 more of a…than a …与其说是…不如说
in the absence of…不在的情况下是
at a loss 不，无法 miss 错过，没赶上
but for 若不是 let alone 更不必说
anything but 根本不 out of the question 不可能
above/ beyond 无法，不如
(1) His answer is beside the point. 他的回答文不对题。
(2) Your explanation is far from being satisfactory. 你的解释不能令人满意。
(3) It was more than I could bear. /. 实在是忍无可忍。
(4) That kind of person is anything but a visiting scholar. 那种人根本不是访问
学者。
(5) He is more of a politician than a writer. 与其说他是个作家，不如说是个政客。
(6) You can’t get there other than by boat. 不乘船，你没法去那儿。

.
三、长句的译法：“结构分析—句子切分—词义推敲—校审核对”四步定位翻译法
英语习惯“短话长说”来表达一个复杂的概念，句首封闭，句尾开放；而汉语习惯“长
话短
说”来表明概念的不同层次，句首开放，而句尾封闭。所以，长句和难句的翻译应以“成
分分译”为主，即分译成汉语中的若干短句，然后按照因果关系，时间顺序，语气轻重以
及与被修饰成分的密切程度等因素来重新安排组合各个短句。
首先①先弄清全句的句法结构及句子各个成分之间的内在逻辑关系，即找出句子主语，
谓语和宾语；②继而找出修饰主语和宾语的定语（如：不定式短语﹑分词短语﹑形容词短
语等）或定语从句，修饰谓语的状语（如：副词﹑介词短语等）或状语从句；③然后再按
照汉语表达习惯组织搭配译出原文；④最后检查核实。长句的翻译关键在于抓好长句的成

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分分译和译文叙述层次的安排。译法有三种：
1. 顺序译法
当英语长句的叙述层次与汉语表达习惯一致使，可按原文俄顺序依次译出句子的成分。
(1) ①Negative daydreamers tend to dwell on life’s darker side, ②imagining
dangerous and/or life threatening situation, ③such as the appearance of a fatal
or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence. (MBA 2001)
①消极型的白日梦者总是想着生活中比较阴暗的一面，②想象着危险的和（或者）威胁
生命的情景，③诸如出现一种致命的或使人衰弱的疾病，或是自己成了暴力的受害者。
(2) ①An art museum director with foresight ②might follow trends in computer
graphics ③to make exhibits more appealing to younger visitors. (MBA 2005)
①有远见卓识的艺术博物馆馆长②会紧跟电脑绘图的新潮流，③让展品更富感染力，从
而吸引年轻的观众。

2. 逆序译法
当英语长句的叙述层次与汉语表达习惯不一致甚至完全相反时，可以从原文的后面译起，
逆着原文的顺序译出。该法特别适用于状语和状语从句的翻译, 因为汉语习惯于把状语部
分放在句子的前面, 所以译文顺序与英语恰好相反。
(1) ①There are several limitations in ②measuring intelligence by a linear scale
ranging from dull to bright , ③ since individuals differ greatly in their
genotypes. （MBA 2002）
③由于个人在基因类型上有很大的差异，②所以用一种从愚昧排列到聪明的线性标尺来
衡量智力①有很大的局限性。
(2) ①Creativity has come to be valued, ②because new technologies, new industries
and new wealth flow from it. (MBA 2007)
②由于新技术、新产业以及新财富都源自于创造力，①所以其价值与日彰显。

3. 综合译法
如果顺序译法和逆序译法不能解决英语长句的翻译问题，则考虑使用综合译法，即按时
间顺序﹑逻辑顺序﹑语气轻重等对全句进行综合处理。可把英语长句中的从句和短语拆译
成独立分句。为了能使语意连贯，有时还应加译或删减部分词语。
(1) ①The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present
world, ②so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future
③by looking systematically at what is happening now. （MBA 2005）
①未来学家认为未来世界是现今世界的延续。③只要系统观察现在发生的事情，②我
们便可洞悉未来可能发生的事。
(2) ①That means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract, ②and
then using them to clear the fraud from your credit report, ③which is held
by a credit bureau. （MBA 2004）
①这就意味着你必须拿到警方报告单和出错合同的副本，②+③然后拿着这些材料去信
用管理局，将欺诈记录从你的信用报告中消除掉。
(3) ①One major problem, ②experts say, is that the Social Security Number
(SSN)--③originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes – ④has
become the universal way to identify people. （MBA 2004）
②专家们指出，①主要问题在于社保卡号④如今已成为识别身份的通用手段，③而原来

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只用于领取退休养老金和供纳税用。
(4) ①Midcareer executives, ②forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the
corporation and find another way to support themselves, ③may savor（欣赏） the
idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at
least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too. (MBA 2003)
②迫于公司被并购或重组而不得不辞职﹑另谋生路的①中层经理们，③可能会考虑给自
己当老板，但他们也许会忘记，作为创业者，他们必须至少在一段时间内，还得同时做
记账员和接待生。

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关于被动语态的翻译

英语中被动语态使用的极为普遍，翻译成汉语时一般采用以下两种翻译方法：
1. 同样译为被动语态，但要添加适当地表示被动的词。如：被、叫、使、让、给、受、遭、
靠、加以、得到等。如：
They were given a warm welcome at the airport.
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
2. 将被动语态译为主动语态，而且符合汉语的表达习惯
Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few questions of secondary impo
rtance remain to be
discussed.
3. 由it 引导的几个经典被动句式，翻译时根据上下文可以添加一些不确定的主语。如：有
人、人们、大家、我们、以及据… 等。
Television, it is often said, keeps one informed
about
current events and allows one to follow the latest
developments in science and politics.
It is asserted/argued(争吵) that … 有人主张……
It will be said that … 有人会说……
It was told that … 有人曾说……
It is generally considered that … 人们普遍认为……
It is hoped that … 人们希望……

4. 状语从句的翻译
状语从句一般译在主句之前，有时也可根据原文语序来翻译，或按照汉语的习惯把状语放
在动词的前面。

We can certainly overcome these difficulties so long as we are closely united.
Wherever you work, you must always serve the people
whole-heartedly.

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关于it 句型的翻译
it句型既可用作形式主语或形式宾语，还可用作强调句型，但各自的翻译方法不一样。
1. 用作形式主语的it 句型一般有两种译法：一是先译真正的主语, 后译形容词；二是顺译
法。 …paly an important role/part in our lives---be very important
It is still doubtful whether she would play
the role.
2. 用作强调句型的it，其翻译方法是直接在被强调的部分前加上表示强调的词，如：“正是，
就是”等。其他的强调句型可视具体情况而定。
1. It was your mother-in-law that I met in the park the day
before yesterday.
2. It was in the park that I met your mother-in-law the day
before yesterday.
3. It was the day before yesterday that I met your mother-in-law in the park
It is said that…
关于代词的翻译
英语句子免不了会遇上各种各样的代词，翻译时一般要将代词明确化、具体化，否则，会
被相应地扣分。这些代词有it, this , that, those, such, one, so, do, the former, the latter等。

1. My father was quarrelling with the lawyer;
the former
was cool, and the latter was furious with anger.
关于and 的翻译
and 的翻译很重要，一般可翻译为“和、以及、同时、还、并且、而”。
he was, why he married her, what their problems were, and how it all ended happily a
re told
with all the
skill of a good storyteller.
2. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most p
recisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be we
ll defined.

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关于插入语和专有名词的翻译
句中如果出现插入语，可将插入语提到句子前面翻译。
1. That is, as far as I know, not what he really wants.
I seldom, if ever, saw such a fine sight.
2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about
current events and allows one to follow the latest
developments in science and politics.

翻译方法：
1．长句子处理方法，拆分为几个简单的基本成分。
2．找到整个句子的主语----谓语---宾语.
3．带有that, whic皮一点又蛮可爱的网名 h, when, where 一般在这些关系词语的前后进行分开翻译。
4．一句话中个别单词不会翻译并不影响整个句子的理解。
5．翻译时不要生搬硬套我们所背诵的某个单词的含义，一定要考虑该单词在本句中选择什
么意思最恰当。
6．遇到被动语态要翻译成主动语态。
7．见到 It is said/thought/argued that…句式应该翻译成为有人认为；
8． It is important（该处若为形容词） that…这个句式应该先翻译后面的再翻译it is + 形
容词 that… It is important that we are here.
9．在草稿纸上翻译后，是否应该调整一下翻译的先后顺序？译文一定要符合汉语的表达习
惯。
10. 、长句的译法：“结构分析—句子切分—词义推敲—校审核对”四步定位翻译法
英语习惯“短话长说”来表达一个复杂的概念，句首封闭，句尾开放；而汉语习惯“长
话短说”来表明概念的不同层次，句首开放，而句尾封闭。所以，长句和难句的翻译应
以“成分分译”为主，即分译成汉语中的若干短句，然后按照因果关系，时间顺序，语
气轻重以及与被修饰成分的密切程度等因素来重新安排组合各个短句。
首先①先弄清全句的句法结构及句子各个成分之间的内在逻辑关系，即找出句子主语，谓
语和宾语；②继而找出修饰主语和宾语的定语（如：不定式短语﹑分词短语﹑形容词短语
等）或定语从句，修饰谓语的状语（如：副词﹑介词短语等）或状语从句；③然后再按照
汉语表达习惯组织搭配译出原文；④最后检查核实。长句的翻译关键在于抓好长句的成分

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分译和译文叙述层次的安排。

1.
It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large business or even science and
technology could have come into being without cities to support them.
2.
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of i洞字组词语 nduction and
deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract
from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of/besides these by some special skill of
their own, they build up their theories.

3．Language was the principal means used by human beings to communicate with one
another. Although it was primarily spoken, it could be transferred to other media, such as
writing. The immense merit of language was that it made possible the transmission of
experience. What had been learned in one generation could be passed on whole to the next.
Instruction/teaching could in large measure replace personal experience. Writing, even more
than speech, made possible the creation of a storehouse of knowledge, and the
supplementation(supply) of memory by means of records. It was
this facility of preserving what individuals had found out that, more than anything else,
made human progress possible.

4. He believes that the highly mobile American society leaves individuals with feelings of
rootlessness, isolation, indifference to community welfare, and shallow personal
relationships.

5. Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the
defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies,
new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have
begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions
that forms the underlying spirit of our age.
Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has
been. The big advances in standard of living –-not to mention the big competitive advantages

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in the marketplace--always have come from “better recipes, not just more cooking.” One
might argue that’s not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long
period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to mode4一6岁成语故事 rn times, much of the
growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from
creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of “cooking in
quantity” business methods like massive division of labor ,concentration of assets, vertical
integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative
developments.
7. An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make
exhibit more appealing to younger visitor .
8. For instances,capable corporate manager might see alarming rise in local housing price
that could affect availability of skilled workers in the region.
9. People in government also need foresight to keep system running smoothly,to play budget
and prevent war.
10. Many of the best known technique for foresight were developed by government
planner,especia小山重叠金明灭翻译 lly in the military,thinking about the unthinkable，
futurists realized that the future world is continuous with present world. We can
learn a great deal about what many happen in the future by looking systematically at what is
happy now.

12．There is a difference in understanding and definition of creativity between the East and
West. Although Asian traditions are conservative in comparison, and the social climate and
ideological make-up of the West are more liberal, each of them has valid contributions
towards creativity. Prof. Yang Chen-ning ( 杨振宁 ) has more than once mentioned the fact
that he was an amalgamation ( 结合 ) of Eastern and Western cultures. His new scientific

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ideas and theories are a result of the clash of Eastern and Western cultures and the
resolution of this conflict. Whether it is Hegel\'s idealism or Engel\'s materialism, they all
converge at a common point: the resolution of conflict. Creativity is a multi-level and
complex thought/think process, involving many different factors. Prof. Yang\'s idea to
combine the best from both the East and the West to resolve the conflict is something we
should think seriously about.

13. 61) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight/ until it can find a
solution to the problem, and no one seems willing to guess how long that may take .

(62) Space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well, despite daily worries
over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.
(63) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that
had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.
64) New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to
the sensitive external skin proved valuable
(65).The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential
hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the
dam千里送鹅毛的歇后语是什么 age was clearly tolerable

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