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2023年4月18日发(作者：仁爱英语)Inproved

JournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(NewSeries),Vo1.13,No.5,2006
Inprovedgradelengthlimitationoffreeways
XINGEn—u—long
邢恩辉,裴玉龙
(InstituteofTransportationResearch,HarbinInstituteofTethnology,Harbin150090,China)
Abstract:Amethodofascertaininggradelengthlimitationoffreewaysinmountainterrainispresented.T
here.
1ationshipmodelsbetweenl5percentilespeedsandgradeswerebuiltthroughtheSulweysandanalyseso
foper-
15”percentileand85percentile
as
speedlimitations,themethodsofdeterminingadmittedvelocitieswereputforwardaccordingtothegrad
.
celerationdistancesoin
gtothe
resultsofanalysis,ythevaluesofgradelengthlimitationforfree
ways
wereputfo1~ultscouldbeusedasreferencesforfreewaydesign.
Keywords:roadengineering;gradelengthlimitation;admittedvelocity;vehicledynamics
CLCnumber:U4l2.34Documentcode:AArticleID:1005.9l13(2006)05.0554-05
InChina,thedesignedspeedisadoptedtoproject
—
signedspeedisthefoundationparametersofroadde—
signtoregulatethelowestdesignstandards,andother
ys
manyscholarsofChinaarerealizingtheimportanceof
operatingspeedinthefieldofroadengineering,traffic
engineeringandcost—2002,Zhang
Jian—feiputforwardtheuseofoperatingspeedasbasic
parametersinsteadofcalculatedtravelspeedinthede—
2003,PeiYu—longdis—
cussedtheproblemofspeedlimitsforfreewaysutilizing
—rongandYang
Shao—weianalyzedthemaximumlongitudinalslopeand
itslengthofmountainfreewayundertheconditionofa
vehicle’nctionof
operationspeedisstillintheinitialstagesoftheoryre,
searchinChinasofar.
Thispaperdiscussesthemethodofgradelength

y.a
typicalvehicle(EQ1108)thatrunsonmountainous
terrainfreewayinChinawasselectedastheresearch
object,andthenananalysiswasperformonthetypical
vehicle(EQ1108)dynamicsutilizingthetheoriesof
ly,theoperationspeeds,15”percen—
tilespeedand85percentilespeedwereinvestigated
andanalyzedin7typicalsectionsof3mountainouster,
raiionshipmodelbetweenthe15”
percentilespeedsandgradientsofroadhasbeenestab,
lishedbymeansofregressionanalysis,thenam喧腾的拼音 ethod
ofdeterminingadmittedvelocityinupslopeshasbeen
epe~rm,
ancesofvehicleand85”percentilespeeddeterminedi,
dealmaximumtravelspeedsoftypicalvehicle
(EQ1l08)er.
thedecelerationdistancesonupslopeswereanalyzed
accordingtotheperformancesofEQ1108vehicle,ad—
,
nally,theimprovedvaluesofgradelengthlimitationof
freewaysinmountainterrainhavebeenputforward.
Theresultscouldbeusedasreferencesformo青山有幸埋忠骨整首诗 untain
terrainfreewaydesign.
1VehicleDyanmicsonSlopeWays
1.1EquationsofAutomobileDrive
Thefunctionsofairrisingforceonvehiclesina
perpendiculardirectionshouldn’tbeneglected,forthe
velocitiesofavehiclerunningonfreewaysarehigher,
thereforewededucedoutanautomobileequationcon—
sideringthisaffectonvehicledynamicasfollows:
Ft=Ff+FL+F+Fl
or
Mii0叼/r=Cf+(G—Fz)i+C,Au/21.15+
6mdu/dt.(1)
whereFtisthedrivingforce,Ft=Me
i{ioqt/r;Ffisthe
rollingresistance,=Cf;Fistherampresistance,
F=(G—Fz)i;F,istheacceleratingresistance;F:is
theairrising,:CozAVZ/21.15;Fistheairresist—
ance,F=CDAu/21.15.
Themeaningsofparameters:Mistherating
torqueofengine:iisthethedriveratiooftransmis—
sion;riveratioofmaingears;叼￡isthe
efficiencyofdrive;istheradiusofdrivewheels;uis

Reeeived2004—01～06.
SponsoredbytheSpecializedResearchFund如
rtheDoctoralProgramotHighEducation(GrantNo.2)

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JournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(NewSeries),Vo1.13,No.5,2006
thevehiclevelocity:iisthegradient:6isthecircumro—
tatequalityconversioncoefficient:misthevehicle
quality:Aistheareasofwindward:Gistheautomobile
gravity;fisthecoefficientofroadresistance;CDzisthe
coefficientofairrising;CDisthecoefficientofairre—
sistan将进酒原文及翻译注释 ce:Vistheoperationspeed.
RatingpowerofengineNe
isthevalueinthecondi—
tionsatsealevel:Gisautomobilegravityiffullyloaded.
itudeisn’tdatumwa—
loadisn’tfullythatacoefficientA
”ahi—
tude—power—gravity”amendmentcoefficientL4,55.
Eq.(2)canbederivedfromEq.(1)as:
.=一+
一
du
.
Duetoa=(等G,l’tl1eJn
AD==一
一
m.
)厂+
whereisamendmentcoefficientsofaltitude;=
(1—2.2610H);istheheightof云破月来花弄影下一句 altitude
(m);Nisactualpowersofengine;Gisthegravityof
actualload.
1.2DrivingCircumstanceofVehicleUpslope
Eq.(3)canberewrittenas:
n==
警(D_一)).
(4)
Eq.(4)isthecalculatedformulaofautomobile
accelerationconsideringtheaffectionofairrising
iscussaccelerationcircumstancesof
vehiclerunningonarampaccordingtoEq.(4).Ac—
celerationchangedwhenrampgradientchangedand

whenotherparameterkeepconstant’.
2ChoiceofTypicalVehicle
Trafficcapacitiesof7
wereselected,accordingto
tionofmainstemhighways,
areshowninTab.1.
Tab.1Ratesofvehicletype
highwaysrepresentatively
trafficcapacitiesinvestiga一
2000,ults
WecanseetheratesofvehiclesfromTab.2that
small—sizedpassagecarswas34%:thatmiddle—sized
truckwas27%:thatlargesizedtruckwas7%.The
affectoframpsonsmal1..sizedpassagecarswassma1..
velocitywashigheranditsdynamicwasbet.
ter;thesurpluspowersoflarge--sizedvehiclewasbig—-
gerthanthatofmiddle—sizedtruck,andtherateslarge.
s
naturalthatthetypicalmiddle—sizedtrucksEQ1108
wereselectedasthevehicletobeanalyzedingr中元节是什么节 ade
lengthlimitationoffreewayinmountainterrainforChi.
sof
erperfomlance
parametersofEQ1108couldbegainedutilizingthe
theoriesofvehicledynamicsaccordingtotheparame—
culationresultsofperformance
parametersareshowninTab.3.
ThevelocityprofilesofTruck(EQ1108)forre—
fleetingdynamicperformanceinvar世说新语30则名篇原文及翻译 iousgearshiftsare
.1illustratesthevariationintruckper—
formancecurvesfordifferentgearshifts.

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JournalofHarbinInstituteofTechnology(NewSeries),Vo1.13,』V0.5,2006
Tab.2EQ1108techniqueperformanceparameters
Tab.3EQll08calculationperformanceparameters
1OO
20
0500l5
distance/m
Fig.1Thevelocityprofilesoftruck
3InvestigationsandAnalysisofOperationSpeeds
inMountainTerrain

3.1OperationSpeeds
Theroutedesignmethodsofoperationspeedsare
re
—
tionspeedsareactualtravelspeedsofvehiclesina
sectionofahighway;generally85percentilespeeds
and15percentilespeedsareusedforrepresentationof
operationspeeds.
85”percentilespeedsarethespeedsof85%ac.
cumulativefrequencyinspeedsaccumulativecurves.
15percentilespeedsarethespeedsof15%accumu格律诗 .
1ativefrequencyinspeedsaccumulativeCHrves.
15percentilespeedsand85”percentilespeeds
wereusedasreferenceindexesofadmittedspeedsand
idealmaximumtravelspeedsintheanalysisofgrade
lengthlimitationoffreewayinmountainterrain.
3.2ChoiceofSamplesQuantities
Themethodsofrandomsampleswereadoptedin
thisresearchinordertoensureunprejudicedsamples.

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Thecapacityofsampleswasdeterminedbyresearch
precisionandminimumcapacityofsamples(n)was
decidedbyfunction(5)asfollows:
n=
(+(5)
wheretistheconstantsatisfiedcertaintybelievedlev.
el:Eisthepermittederror:iSthestandarddevia.
tion:uisthecoemcientofvehiclevelocitiessorts.
A11oftheobservationsectionsareonfreeways.
AccordingtoManualofTrafficEngineeringStudies,
thebelievedlevelwaschosenas95%.t=1.96.E=
2km/h:therangeofstandarddeviationwas6.8—
8.5km/h,wastakenas8.0km/h:coefficientof
vehiclevelocore

thecapacitiesofinvestigationsampleswere200inthis
research.
3.3TheInvestigationofOperationSpeeds
Cheng—Y.Yu
freewayandKun—QufreewayinYunnanprovince.3
mountainousterrainfreewaysinsouthwestregionsof
China,eoperationspeedson7
typicalsectionsof3mountainterrainfreewayswerein.

vestigatedutilizingtheequipmentoftrafficcollection
systemsofSwedenhighwaybureau,NC一97ofNU—
itionsandcharac.
tersofinvestigationsectionsareshowninTab.4.
Relationshipsbetweengradesand15thpercentile
speedswereanalyzed,basedonthestatisticresultsof
15….2isthefittingCHrveof
gradesand15percentilespeeds.
Wecanseethattherelationshipsarenon.1inear.
correlatefR=
0.8562),andregressionfunctionisshownasfollows:
u=一0.8164ietween
ingthis
educethe15percentilespeedscorre.
ittedvelocitiesof
roadgradesinupslopescan独出心裁的意思 bedeterminedby15”per-
ultsofadmittedvelocitiesof
roadgradesinupslopesareshowninTab.5.
Tab.5Thevaluesofadmittedveiocity
Theidietravelvelocitieswereaffectedbyvehicle
gnspeedis
100km/letravelspeedwillbe85km/h:If
designspeediS80km/ietravelspeedwillbe
80km/h:IfdesignspeediS60km/letravel
speedwillbe60km/h.
4GradelengthLimitation
Intheconditionsofthrottle90%opened,avehi—
clerunonarampcanovercoinethegradeswithmaxi.
valuesofgradientiSidie
einereaseofroad
edofvehicletravelwilldecrease:when
thevehicletravelspeedsdecreasetoadmittedveloci.
dientswillbeunlimitedlengthmaximum
rtoassurevehicletravelspeedswas
gthofroadlon.
gitudinalslopewayshouldbelimitedwhenagradeis
biggerthanunlimitedlengthmaximumgrade,namely
gradelengthlimitationofsteepslope.
4.1TheCalculationofGradeLengths
Theaccelerationsanddecelerati0nswerethefunc.
ecelerationdistancesinramp
canbededucedfromthefunctions,moreovergrade
lengthlimitationcanbedetermined.
Due【0(t:.d:.

a
Theequationofdistancesofslowdowninslope—
wayscanbewrittenas:
v
…
2vdv
=
1v
…
:Vd
—
V
dV.(7)
Theplanimetryofnumericalanalysiswereusedin
Eq.(7)tosolveintegrals,utilizingthesoftwareofMat—
culationresultsofdecelerationdistancesare
showninTab.6thinkingofgrades,altitude.
Tab.6Decelerationdistancesonslopeways

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【{.臣vdingtothedistancesofdecelerationforve—

amendmentvaluesofgradelengthlimitationwasput
adewas3%,thedis-
tancesofdecelerationon0mand1000mheightabove
hevalues

waywecandeducetheothervaluesofamendment.
ComparingTechnicalStandardofHighwayEngi-
neeringinTab.7withdecelerationdistancesonslope—
waysinTab.6,wecanseethatdecelerationdistances
utilizedthemodelofadmittedvelocitiesandgradesto
calculatewasmuchbiggerthanthevaluespr另辟蹊径的意思 escribed
ans
designspecificationforhighwayroutesingradelength
regreatinflu—
encesonprojectsofroute,includinglayoutofroute,
qualityofengineers,andmakingtheconstructedengi—
mentexcessive
high,anddifficultiesofconstructionexcessiv《闻官军收河南河北》古诗 ehard.
Theamendmentvaluesoflengthsconfinedforhighway
longitudinalslopewayswereputforwardandareshown
inTab.7

Tab.7Longitudinalslopewayslengthconfinesofhighway
(Annotation:()modificationsuggestionsvalues)
5ConclusionsandFutureResearch
1)Theequationsofdecelerationanddeceleration
distancesonslopewayswithairrisingforcewereestab—
lishbasedonvehicledynamics.
2,Arelationshipmodelbetween15percentile
speedandgradientwereestablishedbymeansofre—
gressionanalysis.
3,Amethodofdeterminedadmittedvelocityin
upslopewasputforwardaccordingtothegrades.
4)Theamendmentvaluesofgradelengthslimita—
tionoffreewayi11mountainterrainwereputf0rward.
Gradelengthlimitationofhighwaysinupslopeand
downslopetobeconstructedinmountainousterrainstill
deservesfurtherstudy.
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theoperatingspeedcomputing

558?
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