Scotland是什么意思tland在线翻译读音例

Scotland

ThecountrywhereIwasbornandstilllive.

I’vespentyearsasanarchaeologistunearthingallsortoftreasuresfromherpast.

Forme,it’sanancientandmagicalplace,andIalwaysfindthebeautyofthiscountryoverwhelming,

evenhumbling.

IoftenthoughtthatScotland’spopularhistoryisabitlikethatlandscape-alwayschanging,impossibly

romantic,oftenhiddenbymistsandlowcloud.

Andaboveall,pickedwithlegendsandheroiccharacters.

Butthat’snothistory,it’smythology.

Andit’scursedScotland’spastandpresent.

Howwethinkaboutpastshapesourviewoftoday,soIwanttolookbeyondthelegendstofindthereal

storyofScotland,andit’severybitasthrilling.

ThisfirstepisodeisaboutthebirthofScotland-abirththatwasfarfrominevitable.

Formanycenturies,themountainsandlochsbehindmewerehometoapatchworkofdisparatepeoples

andtongues.

Itwasalandinvadedagainandagain.

SohowwasitthataloosecollectionoftribeslivinginthenorthernthirdofBritaincametogetherand

builtakingdomitsowndistinctcultureandidentity-akingdomthatwouldchangetheshapeandthe

destinyofBritainforever?

So,wheretobegin?

ThefirstpeopleofScotlandtobedescribedinthewrittenrecordarethetribesoftheCaledonians.

2,000yearsago,they’djoinedforcestodefendtheirhomelandfromaRomaninvasion.

Intheshadowofagreatglen,theyfacestheRomanarmy.

TheCaledoniansfellsilent.

Fromtheyranksoutstrodeth婉转的反义词 eearliestnamedcharacterofScottishhistory.

Calgagus,the“swordsman”.

Heisthefirsttospeakousfromthepast.

Calgaguswasthechosenone.

HewasthewarriorwhomthecaledoniitribesofNorthernBritainhopedwouldleadthemtovictory.

Defiant,proud,unbowed,hestuckthefirstblowagainstRomantyranny.

Hemadeaspeech.“We,thechoicestflowerofBritain’smanhood,werehiddenawayinthemostsecret

ight,,themostdistantdwellersupon

Earth,thelastofthefree.”

There’sjustoneproblem.

There’snothiswords.

TheywereputintohismouthbyaRomanhistorian,Tacitus,writing20yearslater.

EvenifsomeonelikeCalgacuseverexisted,hewouldhav李清照武陵春 espokenalanguagesimilartoWelsh,and

certainlynotinthemeasuredLatinphrasesofaRoman.

ThisiswherethemythologyingofScottishhistorystarts.

Bewarned,almosteverythingrecordedfromthoseearlytimesisseenthroughtheeyesofothers.

Tacitushadanagenda.

GeneralAgricolaandhisthreeRomanlegions

HadmarchedintonorthBritaininthelatesummerofAD84.

ButtomakeAgricolaappearasbraveandheroicaspossible,itwasimportanttogivehimaformidable

foe.

WhichTacitusdulydid.

AtsbattlesiteintheGrampianMountains,hedescribedtheRomanencounterwiththeCaledonian

“ThefightingbeganwithexchangesofmissilesandtheBritonsshowedbothsteadinessandskillin

parryingourspearswiththeirhugeswords,orcatchingthemontheirlittleshieldswhilethey

themselvesrainedvolleysonus.”

HecalledittheBattleofMonsGraupius,thoughbeyondhisaccount,there’snootherrecordofitever

takingplace.

ButIthinktherewasabattleintheScottishHighlands,becauseonetellingdetainthatTacituscouldn’t

haveinvented.

AgricolawasgivenatriumphbackinRome,

otherthingweknowforcertain-theCaledonianslost.

“Thenextday,lsweredeserted,housessmokinginthe

distance,andourscoutsdidnotmeetasoul.”

Mostofthecaledonians,includingCalgacus,survivedandescapedintothetracklessmountains.

atedbytheirhit-and-runtactics,

estcentury,Hadrian’sWall,builtfromcoasttocoast,

hadbecomethelineinthesand.

To乡思李觏古诗拼音版 thesouthlayRomanisedBritain-roads,towns,orth,amyriadoftribeslikethe

lwasn’tjustasamplestoneboundary,he

tthe

,itrepresentedtyranny.

Theyhadtheirowncivilization.

Foroverthreecenturies,

inAD409,astheempirecollapsed,

RomansleftbehindcrumblingruinsandanewnamefortheCaledonians-the“Pictii”.Weknowthem

dmeans“thepaintedones”,forthesewerethelastofpeoplesofBritainto

mstartedasanickname,butbecametomeanmuchmore,a

powerfulnorthernpeople,synonymouswithpride.

ThePictstattoosthemselveswithth为何庞涓死后孙膑就没动作了 esamedesignsandsymbolsusedontheirjewelleryandstones.

idencedofearlyPictishculturehas

urmetersdown,archaeologistscameacrossthe

remainsofanancientstronghold,rethestiltsofabuildingthat

inginwhichpeopleloved,nstructingthe

crannog,asit’scalled,archaeologistsrealisedjusthowskilledandwell-organisedPictishsocietymust

gavebe五十弦翻塞外声全诗 en.

Howdoyoubuildoneofthese?-Wehadtolearnfromscratch,becauseobviouslywehadn’tgota

trad’vegottoline

upyoursupplies,you’vegottoknowhowtocutdownthetrees,you’vegottoknowhowtogetthemin

therightplace,you’plewhobuild

joyedagreatdiet,probablycommunicatingandtradingfurther

thelittleobjectsthatwefounddonotcomefromhere,suchasjet,whichiscommonly

fromWhitby,hetheoriesisthatit’sabighouse,thishousecouldsustain

maybeafamilyof20,eifthereweretimesoftrouble,anyother

peoplesupportingthecommunitywhowerelivingontheshoreinlesssecurehousingcouldallcomein

andbesecureinwhateffectivelyisawatercastle.

CrannogshavebeenfoundalloverScotland,ivilizationhadput

n,centurieslater,thePictsbecomethesubjectofoneofthemostintriguing

nishingacthas

giventhePictsanauraofromance,They’vebecomealegendary,almostalienpeople,inhabitinga

limboworld,parthistoricalandpartofmythological.

Butlikeanygoodmysterystory,there’tsseemtodisappearattheexactmomentwhen

thekingdomofScotlandisborn.

Understandithe

fifthcentury,thisiswhatScotlandlookedlike,ts

-speakingtribes,calledtheBritons,livedalongtheRiverClyde

hewest,anewpeoplehadarrived,reseafarers,originally

fromIreland,lsaretheotherkeyplayerinthe

bulentrelationshipbetweenthemandthePicts,sometimesalliedbutmore

oftenatwar,ttheheartoftheGaelickingdomwasthe

spectacularhillortofDunadd,risingupoutoffthegreatflatnessofMoineMhor,whichmeans“thebig

bog”.Brooding,menacing,Dunaddprovidedtheperfectsitefordefendingagainstattacksfromthesea.

Thisistheentrancetothefortandonceuponatimethisplacewasdefendedbywallstenmetersthick.

Itwasn’asaringoffour,eachprotectingtherisingtiersofthefortuptoastone

theGaelswereaswarlikeasthePicts,d

ethingevenmorestriking.

dd,cruciblesformeltinggold

ndanceofsuchfinejewellery

couldmeanjustonething-Dunaddwashometothekingdom’lickingdomwasrun

fromhereanditskingswereinauguratedinthisplaceinaceremonythatliterallymarriedthemtothe

crow独上江楼思渺然 dsgatheredbelow,thekingwouldappearinsilhouetteagainstthesky,and

thentheappointedmoment,hewouldplaceonefootintothisrock-cutfootprint,demonstratingtohis

’stheendofthesixthcentury,andthis

royalinaugurationisunlikeanythathavegonebefore.

AlthoughthePictscontinuetoworshippagangods,theGaelshaveturnedtoChristianity,aspi飞雪连天射白鹿下一句 ritual

monkwhoordainstheking?ar,

sonofanIrishchieftain,supportoftheGaelic

leaders,’scalledlona,

mbaiswidelycreditedasthefirstmissionaryto

mhere,onhisnewbaseonlona,he’ssupposedtohave

itreallythatsimple?

WhatweknowaboutColunbahascomedowntousfromalateraboutoflona,Adomnan,whowrotea

hagiogkismore

fairytalethanhistoryandithastobetakenwithaverylargepinchofsalt.

dgrafthadbeenbynumberous

missionaries,who’mainunheraldedandlargely

umba’smonasteryonlona,thenjustacollectionoftimberhuts,soonbecameone

bilitythathebrought

totheregion,thefactthatChristianitybegantospreadquitequicklythroughScotland,Ithinkwas

ouldalsoconveytothekingandto

otherclanchiefsnotjustthathisnewreligionwasimportant,butthebenefitsofitwereworthhaving.

Thebenefitsofwriting,thisnewtechnology,thebenefitsofscholarship,andthatifthekingembraced

this,nkthepureabilitytowritewouldhavebeena

magicthatwouldhavebe一的拼音 encentraltowhattheywereabletodo?Well,itmighthaveattractedyour

,OK,hereisthisguywantingtotalkaboutthenewreligion,butifyou’vegotwriting,if

youcanarticulateinamorepermanentway,whatyou’vesaidorwhatyou’veagree,you’vegotthe

basisofaloyalsystem,you’’vegota

init’ay

something,hereitis,it’’tthinkitwasquiteassimpleassimplythathewasgoingon

assomethinginitforColumbabutalsosomethingofthispartofthe

world.-itsoundssoopportunistina鸡鸣狗盗典故出处 way.-Ithinkitwas,Ithinkitwas.