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2023年3月31日发(作者:法航飞机)

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瓣二 ScienceDirect

Joumal of Hydrodynamics

201 1,23(5):535—543

DOI:10.1016/¥1001—6058(10)60147—3

535

w ̄v'w.scieneedirect.corn/

scie ̄ce;jottmal/1001 605g

SoME oBSERVATIONS OF TWO INTERFERING VIV CIRCULAR CYLI-

NDERS OF UNEQUAL DIAMETERS IN TANDEM

HI ANG Shan

Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering,University of Strathclyde,Glasgow G4 0LZ,UK,

E—mail:shan.huang@strath.ac.uk

SWORN Andy

BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd.,Middlesex TW16 7LN,UK

(Received July 30,201 1,Revised August 28,201 1)

Abstract:Analysis of model test results was carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic interaction between a pair of

elastically supposed rigid cylinders of dissimilar diameters in a water flume.The two cylinders are placed in tandem with one situated in

the wake ofthe other.The diameter ofthe upstream cylinder is twice as large as that ofthe downs ̄eam cylinder.111e spacing between the

two cylinders ranges from 1 t0 10 times the larger cylinder diameter.Tl1e Reynolds numbers are within the sub—critical range.The

cylinders are free to oscillate in both the in-line and the cross—flow directions.111e reduced velocity ranges from 1 t0 10 and the low

damping ratio of the model test set-up at 0.006 gives a combined mass—damping parameter of 0.02.It is found that the lift on and the

cross—flow motion of the downstream cylinder have the frequency components derived from the upstream cylinder’s vo ̄ex shedding as

well asfromits ownvo ̄ex s中华上下五千年朝代顺序 hedding,andthe relativeimportance ofthetwo sourcesofexcitationisinfluencedbythe spacingbetweenthe

two cylinders.The downstream cylinder’s VⅣresponse aDpears to be largely dependent upon the actual reduced velocity ofthe cylinder.

Key words:vo ̄ex—induced vibration,circular cylinder,drag,lift,flow interference

lntrOducti0n

Deepwater offshore engineering systems often

involve clusters of long flexible cylindrical structures

running vertically in parallel or nearly in parallel

across the water depth.These risers can be close to

each other in the horizontal planes.Examples include

the vertical risers of Tension Leg P1atforms(TLPs)

where in the mean position the typical centre—to—centre

spacing to diameter ratio is around 15.when subject

to horizontal ocean currents,some risers may there—

fore be situated in the wake of other upstream risers,

and due the wake shielding effects the riser spacing

may become smaller than the mean value when the

currents are absentL .Moreover.risers of different

diameters are often used in a same cluster for different

operational functions,e.g.,drilling and production

risers.The diameter ratio can typically vary from 1 tO

4.

On the topic of Vortex Induced Vibration(VIV),

there has been a piethora of technica1 Papers on this

Biography:HUANG Shan(1963一),Male,Ph.D.,Professor

specific and complex aspect of riser design over the

past decade【 .However.in spite Of this heavy resea—

rch effort,a high level of uncertainty in the marine

riser VIV prediction still remains.This is reflected in

the continuing publication of a large amount of ana—

lytica1.numerica1.empirical and experimental works

on this topic.as well as extremely large safety factors

typically applied for this aspect of riser design.

Interference between two or more stationary cir-

cular cylinders in various relative positions in cross

flows is one of the classic topics of fluid mechanics

and has been studied by many researchers.These stu—

dies were typically for clusters of cylinders with an

identical diameter and the investigation method was

mainly experimenta1 to measure the fluid loading In

the recent years。CFD has increasingly been applied

for more detailed flow structure analyses【。’ .On the

effects of interference on the vortex—induced vibration

response,however,far less research work has been

carried out in comparison.Hover and Triantafyllou,

and Assi et a1.both considered the effects of the up.

stream cylinder wake on the VIV response of the

downstream甚嚣尘上 cylinder J.In both the investigations.

the upstream cylinder was stationary while the down.

536

stream cylinder was constrained in the in—line dire—

ction in order to have the cross flow VIV only.The

upstream and the downstream cylinders have a same

diameter。and the cylinder centre—to.centre spacing

was at 4.75 diameters in the first Paper and varied

between 2 to 5.6 diameters in the second Paper.The

results of the investigations show that the lock—in VIV

extends to high values of the nominal reduced velocity

based upon the free stream velocity.Hover and

Triantafyllou also observed that,if a corrected

reduced velocity is used which takes into account the

wake flow conditions。some features of the down—

stream cylinder VIV can be explained as in single iso—

lated cylinder VIV tests.Their results also indicate

that the lift force on the downstream cylinder has a

component at the vortex shedding frequency of the

upstIeam cylinder[引. 一 一 一

The number of studies on two cylinders both

undergoing VIV is very limited indeedIJ j.Acco—

rding to these studies.the VIV results of the down.

stream cylinder are far more complex to interpret.The

resulting oscillations induced by the vortex shedding

are considerably modified by and strongly depend on

the arrangement of the two cylinders.For example.in

the last Paper where two tandem long and flexible

cylinders partially submerged and subject to cross

flows with the centre..to..centre distances varying from

2 to 4 diameters.Huera-Huarte and Bearman found

that the upstream cylinder VIV is strongly influenced

by the gap,particularly when the gap is smal1.The

downs仃eam cylinder may or may not exhibit wake—

induced oscillations at high reduced velocities,depe.

nding upon the spacing between the two cylinders.

Fig.1 Schematic ofthe model test setup

The present study primarily focuses on the wake

interference regime where the two cylinders have dis-

similar diameters with the larger cylinder upstream.

The streamwise spacing between the two cylinders

varies between 1 to 1 0 diameters of the larger up—

stream cylinder.The diameter of the upstream cyli—

nder is used as the reference diameter,and the spa-

cing..to..diameter ratios investigated reflect the realistic

spacing--to--diameter ratios of marine riser clusters in

the wake interference regime.

1.Model test set-up

A series of tests were carried out at Danish

Hydraulic Institute involving pairs of cylinders 0f

dif.ferent diameters with one in the wake of another.

Tests were carried out for two elastically supported

rigid cylinders undergoing VIV response.A variety of

mass parameters and natural frequency ratios,as well

as diameter ratios,of the cylinder pairs were investi—

gated.The tests were carried out in a current flume

and the model setup is illustrated in Fig.1.For each

pairing.the two cylinders were initially placed at

different loc:ations relatively to each other and then

subjected to the incoming flows.These relative posi.

tions were mainly in tandem and staggered arrange—

ments in order to investigate the proximity—wake and

the wake interferences.The flume is 3 5 m long and

3 m wide.and the water depth used for the model

testing was 0.79 m.The maximum flow velocity is

around 0.7 rn/s.The tests were carried out for a mean

inflow velocity between 0.1 m/s and 0.6 m/s.The tur.

bulence intensity, ,of the inflow is relatively high.

Typically. =3.8%for the mean inflow velocity at

0.4 m/s.The turbulence intensity is defined as the sta-

ndard deviation of the inflow velocity non..dimen..sio .

nalised by the mean inflow velocity.

The cylinders were suspended from vertical ela—

stic rods above them.The cylinder model as well as its

elastic supporting system were carefully designed to

ensure that the cylinder is free to move in any dire.

ction perpendicular to its vertical axis.The suspension

system was designed to allow the cylinder to vibrate

in both the in 1ine and the cross.flow directions with.

out tilting.In addition,the elastic suspension system

was adiustable in order to give different natural fre—

quency ratios be een the two cylinders.If the elastic

suspension system above the cylinder was blocked,

the cylinders became rigidly fixed and hydrodynamic

interaction between two stationary cylinders could

also be investigated.The model cylinders were manu—

factured in aluminium and the surface of the cylinder

was regarded as hvdrodynamically smooth.The cyli—

nder’S upper end was 0.02 m below the calm water

surface.and its lower end 0.02 m above the flume

bottom.The end effects of the cylinder are believed to

be smal1.There has been a more considered investiga—

tion of the end effects in the context Of VIV【J .The

Reynolds numbers were allin the sub—critical range.It

should be noted that,because of the different dia—

meters used while the span length was identical for all

the cylinders,the cylinder models had different span

to diameter ratios.

The VIV results presented in this Paper are only

for the two cylinders with the diameters of0.16 m and

0.08 m.respectively.The two cylinders are in tandem

with the larger cylinder upstream.The mass parameter.

defined as the structural mass divided by the displaced

water mass is 3.0 for both the cylinders.The in.1ine

and the cross.flow natural frequencies in water are

identical at 0.3 l Hz for the upstream cylinder(denoted

as fn,1.and 0.58 Hz for the downstream cylinder

(denoted as fn,).The natural frequency ratio is

therefore approximately 0.5 which was the targeted

value.Decay tests were ca ̄ied out in air in order to

quantiry the structural damping of me two elastically

supported cylinders and the damping ratios were

found to be at 0.6%for the 0.16 m cylinder and 0.7%

for the 0.08 m cylinder.The parameters measured

simultaneously in the model test were the two hori.

zontal force components on each cylinder as well as

the acceleration and the displacement of each cyli—

nder.

Table 1 Flow speeds and distances between the two tandem

cylinders

2.Results and discussion

Tests were carried out for the conditions listed in

Table 1.Some selected results of the two cylinders in

tandem are presented in the paper.Unless otherwise

stated,the nominal reduced velocity, ,is defined

by using the free stream inflow velocity.廿1e diameter

and the natural frequency of the upstrearn cylinder.

The reduced velocities are in the range from l tO 1 0

covering the typical lock—in values.The actual redu—

ced velocity for the downstream cylinder is not known

as the mean inflow velocity to the downstream cyli—

nder was not measured.It is possible,however,to

estimate approximately the mean inflow velocity to

the downstream cylinder based upon some measured

wake velocities of a fixed ups仃eam cylinder.

The hydrodynamic force components.i.e.the

drag and the liR on the whole cylinder,are expressed

in terms of the non.dimensional coefficients C and

537

.For the individual cylinder concerned,these two

coefficients are based on the conventiona1 definition,

i.e.,

( , ) 面drag,lift

where D is the cylinder’s diameter,三its length.P

the water density,U the free—s仃earn velocity.In the

following figures, , l and l referto the dia—

meter,drag and lift coe伍cients of the upstream cyli.

nder,similarly,D2, 2 and Cf2 for the down—

stream cylinder.X is the non—dimensional in-line

spacing between the two cylinders which is non—

dimensionalised by the use of the larger diameter of

the two cylinders. and are the in.1ine and

cross—flow displacements of the upstream cylinder

non—dimesnioanlised by its own diameter,similarly,

X and are the in.1ine and cross—flow displace—

ments of the downstream cylinder non・-dimesnioanli・-

sed by its own diamete ̄

(a)TestNo3560

(c)TestNo3566

Co)TestNo3563

(d)TestNo3569

o ’

,地

(e1 TestNo3571

Fig.2 VIV motion trajectories of both the upstream and down-

stream cylinders for the initial spacing X at 1.6,2.0,

3.0,5.0 and 10.0,respectively(from the top to the

bottom). =5

538

1.

5 葛峰

_o.5 篓

1.

5 峰

 ̄--o.5 篓

I =9.0

Dl/D2-2

‘ { |{

.5

0 5 10

-D ,厨

(a)TestNo3623 1

0 5 l0

JD 尬

(c)TestNo3629

1.

5 葛

h--o.5 篓

_0.5 豢

D ,鹭

Co)TestNo3626 l: l 1

...…....

0 5 l0

,墨

(d)TestNo3631

Fig.3 VIV motion trajectories of both the upstream and down—

stream cylinders for the initial spacing X at 2.5,3.0

5.0 and 10.0,respectively(from the top to the bottom).

D X;D

Fig.4 Motion trajectories of upstream and downstream cyli—

nders non—dimensionalised by each cylinder’S own

diameter. 5,Dl/4 2, l/L2=0.5,X

2.1 Motiontrajectories

The VIV motions Of bOth the upstream and the

downstrearn cylinders,particularly in the transverse

direction,can be large,as shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3.

The figures give the trajectory plots of the two cyli—

nders at the nominal reduced velocities of 5 and 9,res—

pectively,as an example.It should be noted that the

cylinder’S cross—flow and in.1ine displacements are

non.dimensionlised by using its own diameter while

the spacing between the two cylinders is non..dimen..

sionlised by the diameter of the upstream cylinder,

hence these plots are not drawn exactly to scale.It iS

knownthatfor anisolated cylinderpermittingboththe

in—line and the cross.flow VIV responses.the response

peak is typically delayed to around Zr=9 or beyond.

It can be seen that the maximum transverse motion

30o

200

100

TestNo356o

O 0.1 O.2 0.3 0.4

‘,’

~.▲ . .

10o

1.5

1.0

0.5

(a)X=I.6

TestNo3563

.j . .

0 O.1 O-2 n3 O-4

/’・U

』lI k一

0 n1 O.2 0.3 0.4

D. _厂 “

一 盆

1・。

(b) _2.0

TestNo3571

_

_

.J

1.0

0 O.1 0_2 O.3 0.4

’, (,。

0 0.1 0-2 0.3 04

’厂‘【,。

fc) =10

Fig.5 Power spectral density of the cross—flow and the in—line

motions of the two cylinders.The nominal reduced velo—

cit)r Vr=5

amplitude to diameter ratio is as high as I.5.The large

amplitude response may be attributed to the low mass—

damping parameter value at about 0.02.It iS also

noted that both the upstream and downstream cyli—

nders have appreciable VIV motion in the in—line dire—

ction.Typically,the in—line motion amplitude iS about

a quarter to a half of the transverse motion amplitude.

一 as 一 _)aSd

It should be noted that the two cylinders have diferent

natural frequencies in calm water with the down—

stream cylinder’s natural frequency twice as high.At

the large spacing the effective reduced velocity for the

downstream cylinder is approximately same as the no—

minal reduced velocity,because its diameter is half of

that of the upstream cylinder and the wake shielding

cffects become weak.

Figure 4 presents the enlarged and separated tra—

i ectory plots for the nominal reduced velocity at 5 and

the non.dimensional spacing between the two cyli—

nders =5.Both the inline and the cross—flow dis—

placements are non.diemsionalised by the use of the

cylinder’s own diameter,and the plots are given indi—

vidually without showing the spacing between them.

It can be seen that the trajectories are qualitatively

diferent 乃ilst the trajectory of the upstream cyli—

nder has the classic“8”一shaped crescent.as observed

by many other researchers.the downstream cylinder

appears not displaying any regular pattem.

Further the results of the spectral analysis of the

inline and the cross.flow motion responses are given

in Fig.5 for both the cylinders.For the cross—flOW mo—

tion,the upstream cylinder has only one spectral peak,

whilst the downstream cylinder can have two spectral

peaks.These spectral peaks correspond to the vortex

shedding frequency of the upstream cylinder and the

lock—in vibration of its OW1]vortex shedding.Further

discussion is given in the next sub section of the

pape ̄

0.4

n3

0.2

~0.1

.1

.0.2

-0.3

-0-4

20 40 60 80 10o l20 140 160 180 200

Fig.6(a)Cross-flow motion time—history of the downstream

cylinder. :5 and X 2

0.4

0.3

0.2

.0.1

-0.1

-0.2

0.3

_0_4

TestNo3563HFComp.

山一lIlI越。-L 山 I‘I▲lIILI

。 I_IIr

20 40 60 80 J00 j20 i40 l60 l80 200

Fig.6(b)High frequency part of(a)

The two frequency components of the down—

stream cylinder shown in Fig.5(b)are split in the time—

domain,and the results are given in Fig.6.The high

539

frequency part is likely due to the downstream cyli—

nder’s own vortex shedding.It has the classic feature

of beating.In comparison,the low frequency part is

rather steady.In separating the high and low freque—

ncy parts,the division is set at D2f/U=O.12.

0-4

晓3

0.2

o.1

9 o

n1

-0.2

.3

.4

20 4o 6o 80 1oo 120 140 160 l踟200

t/s

Fig.6(c)Low frequency part of(a)

,=

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

n’厂’u

- I I.—.‘- - I

(a)X=2

TestNo3569

。J L_ I _

一 IIL..

Co)X=5

_

_

J L 。 .

Fig.7 Power special density of the lift and drag coefficients of

the two cylinders.The nominal reduced velocity 5

2.2Hydro&namicforces

Figure 7 gives the power spectral density fun—

ctions ofthe drag and lift coefficients ofthe two cyli—

nders.The following observations are made.

(1)At X=5,where the influence ofthe down.

stream cylinder upon the upstream cylinder is deemed

tO be negligible.the Strouhal number of the upstream

cylinder is approximately at 0.15.The dominant drag

一 -)一Q∞

^= 凸∽

一 『)一0∞

(_=u一0s

-ll

一: 一自

frequency istwice as large,i.e.,forthe dragpeakfre—

quency fD,/U is approximately at 0.3.These results

are typical of an isolated cylinder undergoing VIV in

cross flow.There are some low frequency contents in

thedrag,anditisunclear astothe reasonforthis.

f21 At the small spacing,the lift frequency of the

downstream cylinder is identical to that of the up.

stream cylinder.It may therefore be inferred that the

lift variation is due to vo ̄ices shed from upstream

cylinder and impinging on the downstream cylinder.It

is also note中国诗歌网会员登录 d that there is a smaller high frequency

component at around D f}U=0.、8.With reference

to Fig.5(b),it is clear that even though this high

frequency force component is relatively small in its

magnitude,its induced motion is greater because of

resonance effects.

(3)As the spacing increases,the high frequency

liR component at around D1厂/U=0.18 becomes

more significant for the downstream cylinder,proba—

bly reflecting the competing factors of the vortex shed

upstream on the one hand and the vortex generated by

itself on the other.

(4)The spectral features ofthe drag ofthe down—

stream cylinder aDpear far more complex than its cou.

nterpart on the upstream cylinder.

0 2 4 6 8 10

(a)

(d)

Fig.8 Stand ̄d deviation of the in—line and the cross-flow mo—

tion of the two cylinders.The horizontal axis is the spa—

cing between the two cylinders non—dimensionalised by

using the upstream cylinder’s ̄ameter

2.3 Statistical parameters

From Fig.8,where the standard deviations of the

VIV responses of both the cylinders are presented.it

is clear that the VIV motion of the upstream cylinder

is not significantly affected by the existence of the

downstream cylinder in this study.It should be

emphasized again here that horizontal axis, ,is the

non—dimensional spacing by the use of the upstream

cylinder diameter which is twice as large as the

downstream cylinder’s diameter.The VIV response of

the downstream cylinder,on the other hand,appears

more complex and sensitive to the spacing variation,

particularly when the spacing is smal1.

4-0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.O

O.5

Fig.9 Mean drag coefficients of the two cylinders versus the

spacingfordifferent

Figure 9 gives the mean drag coefficients of the

two cylinders.For the purpose of comparison,the

mean drag coefficients of the two cylinders held sta.

tionary,i…e without undergoing VIV,are also plotted

in the figure.It is clear that for the upstream cylinder

the VIV response gives rise to a drag amplification.

The amplification is insensitive to the spacing.but

dependent upon which determines the VIV respo—

nse.In other words.the drag amplification is VIV

amplitude response dependent,as shown by many

other researchers in the past.

STD(Y.)

(b)

y:

Fig.1 0 Mean drag coefficient versus standard deviation of the

VIV motion response

In comparison with the stationary cylinder results,

it is clear that the mean drag on the downstream cyli—

nder is also increased.It may be tempting to attribute

this increase to the same mechanism of drag amplift—

cation of the upstream cylinder.To this end.the rela—

tionship between me drag increase and the VIV ampli—

fU里

∞ 加 m=兮 吼 n n n 一一 ,)^高∞

一鬟譬Ⅱ)一

O Ⅱ▲

o a▲

O ●

一 _)^lL∞

tude response is plotted in Fig.1 0 for the two cylinders

For the upstream cylinder,it is clear that the mean

drag coefficient is almost linearly dependent upon the

cross—flOW motion amplitude STD( )where STD

denotes the standard deviation.A least square fit

yields the following drag amplification expression.

Amplification factor=1+1.96xSTD(Y1

where the amplification factor is the ratio between the

mean drag coefficient of the vibrating cylinder and the

drag coefficient of the same cylinder held fixed in the

flow.In comparison with the various expressions of

the drag amplification given in Section 2.3 the

above linear relationship yields drag coe ̄cient values

smaller than the curve—fit expression based upon the

data of Sarpkaya,Tanida et a1.and Torum et a1.,but

greater than that of Vandiver’s expression.It appears

there still is a large degree of uncertainty concerning

VIV drag amplification,even though this is a rather

important issue for the deepwater riser designL J.It is

also noted that for the upstream cylinder the drag

amplification appears also linearly correlated with the

inline motion amplitude.In contrast with the upstream

cylinder。the drag Of the downstream cylinder appears

uncorrelated with its own VIV motion response.as

shown in Fig.10.

STD( )

(a)

STD( )

(b)

Fig.1 1 Lift coefficient versus standard deviation of the VIV

motion response

In Fig.11.the lift coefficient is plotted against the

cross—flow motion amplitude.For the upstrearn cyli—

nder,as the cross—flow motion increases from zero,so

does the lift.However。the lift decreases as the cross.

flow motion further increases.The仃end of the lift on

the downstream cylinder appears less clear,even

though the lift also aDpears to decrease once the me—

tion increases beyond a certain limit.It should be

noted that the lift presented here is the total hydro—

dynamic loading on the cylinder in the cross.flow

direction and its includes beth the components in

phase with the acceleration and with the velocity.res—

pectively.

2.4 Motion amplitude versus reduced velocitv

For the cases investigated here.the effects of the

downs仃cam cylinder on the upstream cylinder VIV

are generally very smal1.As such,it can be expected

541

that the upstrcam cylinder VIV motion is correlated

with the nominal reduced velocity as in the case of an

isolated VIV cylinder in cross flow.As discussed in

the foregoing,on the other hand,the dominant spe—

ctral peak of the lifl on the downstream cylinder is

largely due to its own vortex shedding when the spa—

cing is large.and a combination Of its own vortex she—

dding and the vortices shed from the upstream cyli—

nder for small and intermediate spacing.The force

component with its frequency closer to the natural fre—

quency tends to give greater motion response due to

the resonance effects.It may therefore be reasonable

to expect the VIV response of the downstream cyli—

nder is more dependent upon the actual reduced velo—

city of the downstrcam cylinder.Some evidence to

support the conjecture can be found in Fig.12.In the

left plot.the standard deviations of the transverse VIV

motions of the downstrcam cylinder are plotted agai—

nst the nominal reduced velocity defined by the use of

the free stream velocity and the diameter and the natu—

ral frequency of the upstream cylinder.The仃end is

hard to discern here.The nominal reduced velocity is

not representative of the downstream cylinder as the

inflow velocity to the downstream cylinder is smaller

than the nominal free stream velocity to the upstream

cylinder due to the wake shielding effects.To estimate

the“true”reduced velocity of the downs仃cam cyli—

nder.a correction to the frees仃cam inflow velocity is

required.In the present study,this was done based

upon experimenta1 data obtained by Cantwell and

ColesL”J.which is reproduced in Fig.13.It should be

noted that the result of the velocity reduction in the

wake presented in Fig.1 3 is for a fixed cylinder(not

for a vibrating cylinder)and at a different Reynolds

number.The result is only used here for an approxi—

mate estimate of the“true”reduced velocity of the

downstream cylinder which is denoted as

.,

.In

Fig.12,it is clear that STD(Y2)is not correlated well

with the nominal reduced velocity ,but better

correlated with the‘‘true”reduced velocity.This stro—

ngly suggests that VⅣof the downstream cylinder is

primarily influenced by its own reduced velocity.

Fig.12 Standard deviation of the cross—flow motion of the

downstream cylinder versus the nominal reduced

velocity (a)and the“true”reduced velocity

(b)

^2u一^【L∞

一:u一Ⅱls

542

Fig.1 3 Mean wake velocity b/c,along the wake centreline

behind a fixed cylinder of diameter d,non—dimen—

sionalised by using the free stream velocity b/

f.

Re=1.410

Fig.14 Upstream cylinder VIV response STD(Y ̄)vs nominal

reduced velocity and downstream cylinder VIV

response STD(Y2)vs it own“true”reduced velocity

Figure 1 4 compares the cross—flow VIV ampli

tude responses of both the cylinders with their own

reduced velocities. ilst the overall trends are simi.

1ar.it is also observed that at large reduced velocities

the upstream cylinder has greater VIV motion respo.

nse in comparison.The reason for this is unclear and

requires further investigation.

3.Conclusions

Based upon the model test results presented in the

Paper,the following conclusions can be drawn.

(11 The VIV motion trajectories are qualitatively

dif-ferent be een the upstream cylinder in steady

uniforill flOW and the downstream cylinder situated in

the wake of the ups仃eam cylinder.

f2、The lift force on the downstream cylinder has

the dominate spectral Deak at either the shedding fre—

quency of the upstream cylinder or its own shedding

frequency depending upon the spacing between the

two cylinders.The influence of the upstream cylinder

is more pronounced when the in—line spacing is smal1.

f31 Like the u沁园春雪书法正楷 pstream cylinder,the downstream

cylinder also experiences a certain degree of drag

amplification.But unlike the upstream cylinder,this

drag increase appears not correlated with the cross—

flow VIV motion and it remains a challenging task as

to how to quantify this drag amplification.

f41 Large VIV motions are observed in the test

results presented in the Paper with the maximum tran.

sverse motion amplitude around 1.5 diameters.For the

upstream cylinder.the VIV is similar to the classical

lock—in response.The test data indicate that the VIV

response of the downstream cylinder is significantly

dependent upon its own reduced velocity based upon

the reduced mean wake velocity.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support

of the Norwegian Deepwater Programme and BP

Exploration Operating Company Ltd as well as their

permissions for publishing the paper.The model tests

were carriedoutbyDHI.

I ferences

[2]

[3]

[4]

【5】

[6]

[7】

【8】

[9]

[10]

【l2】

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