沙特阿拉伯人的英文拉伯人翻译拉伯人英语怎-qqs
2023年3月31日发(作者:法航飞机)
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瓣二 ScienceDirect
Joumal of Hydrodynamics
201 1,23(5):535—543
DOI:10.1016/¥1001—6058(10)60147—3
535
w ̄v'w.scieneedirect.corn/
scie ̄ce;jottmal/1001 605g
SoME oBSERVATIONS OF TWO INTERFERING VIV CIRCULAR CYLI-
NDERS OF UNEQUAL DIAMETERS IN TANDEM
HI ANG Shan
Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering,University of Strathclyde,Glasgow G4 0LZ,UK,
E—mail:shan.huang@strath.ac.uk
SWORN Andy
BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd.,Middlesex TW16 7LN,UK
(Received July 30,201 1,Revised August 28,201 1)
Abstract:Analysis of model test results was carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic interaction between a pair of
elastically supposed rigid cylinders of dissimilar diameters in a water flume.The two cylinders are placed in tandem with one situated in
the wake ofthe other.The diameter ofthe upstream cylinder is twice as large as that ofthe downs ̄eam cylinder.111e spacing between the
two cylinders ranges from 1 t0 10 times the larger cylinder diameter.Tl1e Reynolds numbers are within the sub—critical range.The
cylinders are free to oscillate in both the in-line and the cross—flow directions.111e reduced velocity ranges from 1 t0 10 and the low
damping ratio of the model test set-up at 0.006 gives a combined mass—damping parameter of 0.02.It is found that the lift on and the
cross—flow motion of the downstream cylinder have the frequency components derived from the upstream cylinder’s vo ̄ex shedding as
well asfromits ownvo ̄ex s中华上下五千年朝代顺序 hedding,andthe relativeimportance ofthetwo sourcesofexcitationisinfluencedbythe spacingbetweenthe
two cylinders.The downstream cylinder’s VⅣresponse aDpears to be largely dependent upon the actual reduced velocity ofthe cylinder.
Key words:vo ̄ex—induced vibration,circular cylinder,drag,lift,flow interference
lntrOducti0n
Deepwater offshore engineering systems often
involve clusters of long flexible cylindrical structures
running vertically in parallel or nearly in parallel
across the water depth.These risers can be close to
each other in the horizontal planes.Examples include
the vertical risers of Tension Leg P1atforms(TLPs)
where in the mean position the typical centre—to—centre
spacing to diameter ratio is around 15.when subject
to horizontal ocean currents,some risers may there—
fore be situated in the wake of other upstream risers,
and due the wake shielding effects the riser spacing
may become smaller than the mean value when the
currents are absentL .Moreover.risers of different
diameters are often used in a same cluster for different
operational functions,e.g.,drilling and production
risers.The diameter ratio can typically vary from 1 tO
4.
On the topic of Vortex Induced Vibration(VIV),
there has been a piethora of technica1 Papers on this
Biography:HUANG Shan(1963一),Male,Ph.D.,Professor
specific and complex aspect of riser design over the
past decade【 .However.in spite Of this heavy resea—
rch effort,a high level of uncertainty in the marine
riser VIV prediction still remains.This is reflected in
the continuing publication of a large amount of ana—
lytica1.numerica1.empirical and experimental works
on this topic.as well as extremely large safety factors
typically applied for this aspect of riser design.
Interference between two or more stationary cir-
cular cylinders in various relative positions in cross
flows is one of the classic topics of fluid mechanics
and has been studied by many researchers.These stu—
dies were typically for clusters of cylinders with an
identical diameter and the investigation method was
mainly experimenta1 to measure the fluid loading In
the recent years。CFD has increasingly been applied
for more detailed flow structure analyses【。’ .On the
effects of interference on the vortex—induced vibration
response,however,far less research work has been
carried out in comparison.Hover and Triantafyllou,
and Assi et a1.both considered the effects of the up.
stream cylinder wake on the VIV response of the
downstream甚嚣尘上 cylinder J.In both the investigations.
the upstream cylinder was stationary while the down.
一
536
stream cylinder was constrained in the in—line dire—
ction in order to have the cross flow VIV only.The
upstream and the downstream cylinders have a same
diameter。and the cylinder centre—to.centre spacing
was at 4.75 diameters in the first Paper and varied
between 2 to 5.6 diameters in the second Paper.The
results of the investigations show that the lock—in VIV
extends to high values of the nominal reduced velocity
based upon the free stream velocity.Hover and
Triantafyllou also observed that,if a corrected
reduced velocity is used which takes into account the
wake flow conditions。some features of the down—
stream cylinder VIV can be explained as in single iso—
lated cylinder VIV tests.Their results also indicate
that the lift force on the downstream cylinder has a
component at the vortex shedding frequency of the
upstIeam cylinder[引. 一 一 一
The number of studies on two cylinders both
undergoing VIV is very limited indeedIJ j.Acco—
rding to these studies.the VIV results of the down.
stream cylinder are far more complex to interpret.The
resulting oscillations induced by the vortex shedding
are considerably modified by and strongly depend on
the arrangement of the two cylinders.For example.in
the last Paper where two tandem long and flexible
cylinders partially submerged and subject to cross
flows with the centre..to..centre distances varying from
2 to 4 diameters.Huera-Huarte and Bearman found
that the upstream cylinder VIV is strongly influenced
by the gap,particularly when the gap is smal1.The
downs仃eam cylinder may or may not exhibit wake—
induced oscillations at high reduced velocities,depe.
nding upon the spacing between the two cylinders.
Fig.1 Schematic ofthe model test setup
The present study primarily focuses on the wake
interference regime where the two cylinders have dis-
similar diameters with the larger cylinder upstream.
The streamwise spacing between the two cylinders
varies between 1 to 1 0 diameters of the larger up—
stream cylinder.The diameter of the upstream cyli—
nder is used as the reference diameter,and the spa-
cing..to..diameter ratios investigated reflect the realistic
spacing--to--diameter ratios of marine riser clusters in
the wake interference regime.
1.Model test set-up
A series of tests were carried out at Danish
Hydraulic Institute involving pairs of cylinders 0f
dif.ferent diameters with one in the wake of another.
Tests were carried out for two elastically supported
rigid cylinders undergoing VIV response.A variety of
mass parameters and natural frequency ratios,as well
as diameter ratios,of the cylinder pairs were investi—
gated.The tests were carried out in a current flume
and the model setup is illustrated in Fig.1.For each
pairing.the two cylinders were initially placed at
different loc:ations relatively to each other and then
subjected to the incoming flows.These relative posi.
tions were mainly in tandem and staggered arrange—
ments in order to investigate the proximity—wake and
the wake interferences.The flume is 3 5 m long and
3 m wide.and the water depth used for the model
testing was 0.79 m.The maximum flow velocity is
around 0.7 rn/s.The tests were carried out for a mean
inflow velocity between 0.1 m/s and 0.6 m/s.The tur.
bulence intensity, ,of the inflow is relatively high.
Typically. =3.8%for the mean inflow velocity at
0.4 m/s.The turbulence intensity is defined as the sta-
ndard deviation of the inflow velocity non..dimen..sio .
nalised by the mean inflow velocity.
The cylinders were suspended from vertical ela—
stic rods above them.The cylinder model as well as its
elastic supporting system were carefully designed to
ensure that the cylinder is free to move in any dire.
ction perpendicular to its vertical axis.The suspension
system was designed to allow the cylinder to vibrate
in both the in 1ine and the cross.flow directions with.
out tilting.In addition,the elastic suspension system
was adiustable in order to give different natural fre—
quency ratios be een the two cylinders.If the elastic
suspension system above the cylinder was blocked,
the cylinders became rigidly fixed and hydrodynamic
interaction between two stationary cylinders could
also be investigated.The model cylinders were manu—
factured in aluminium and the surface of the cylinder
was regarded as hvdrodynamically smooth.The cyli—
nder’S upper end was 0.02 m below the calm water
surface.and its lower end 0.02 m above the flume
bottom.The end effects of the cylinder are believed to
be smal1.There has been a more considered investiga—
tion of the end effects in the context Of VIV【J .The
Reynolds numbers were allin the sub—critical range.It
should be noted that,because of the different dia—
meters used while the span length was identical for all
the cylinders,the cylinder models had different span
to diameter ratios.
The VIV results presented in this Paper are only
for the two cylinders with the diameters of0.16 m and
0.08 m.respectively.The two cylinders are in tandem
with the larger cylinder upstream.The mass parameter.
defined as the structural mass divided by the displaced
water mass is 3.0 for both the cylinders.The in.1ine
and the cross.flow natural frequencies in water are
identical at 0.3 l Hz for the upstream cylinder(denoted
as fn,1.and 0.58 Hz for the downstream cylinder
(denoted as fn,).The natural frequency ratio is
therefore approximately 0.5 which was the targeted
value.Decay tests were ca ̄ied out in air in order to
quantiry the structural damping of me two elastically
supported cylinders and the damping ratios were
found to be at 0.6%for the 0.16 m cylinder and 0.7%
for the 0.08 m cylinder.The parameters measured
simultaneously in the model test were the two hori.
zontal force components on each cylinder as well as
the acceleration and the displacement of each cyli—
nder.
Table 1 Flow speeds and distances between the two tandem
cylinders
2.Results and discussion
Tests were carried out for the conditions listed in
Table 1.Some selected results of the two cylinders in
tandem are presented in the paper.Unless otherwise
stated,the nominal reduced velocity, ,is defined
by using the free stream inflow velocity.廿1e diameter
and the natural frequency of the upstrearn cylinder.
The reduced velocities are in the range from l tO 1 0
covering the typical lock—in values.The actual redu—
ced velocity for the downstream cylinder is not known
as the mean inflow velocity to the downstream cyli—
nder was not measured.It is possible,however,to
estimate approximately the mean inflow velocity to
the downstream cylinder based upon some measured
wake velocities of a fixed ups仃eam cylinder.
The hydrodynamic force components.i.e.the
drag and the liR on the whole cylinder,are expressed
in terms of the non.dimensional coefficients C and
537
.For the individual cylinder concerned,these two
coefficients are based on the conventiona1 definition,
i.e.,
( , ) 面drag,lift
where D is the cylinder’s diameter,三its length.P
the water density,U the free—s仃earn velocity.In the
following figures, , l and l referto the dia—
meter,drag and lift coe伍cients of the upstream cyli.
nder,similarly,D2, 2 and Cf2 for the down—
stream cylinder.X is the non—dimensional in-line
spacing between the two cylinders which is non—
dimensionalised by the use of the larger diameter of
the two cylinders. and are the in.1ine and
cross—flow displacements of the upstream cylinder
non—dimesnioanlised by its own diameter,similarly,
X and are the in.1ine and cross—flow displace—
ments of the downstream cylinder non・-dimesnioanli・-
sed by its own diamete ̄
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(c)TestNo3566
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Fig.2 VIV motion trajectories of both the upstream and down-
stream cylinders for the initial spacing X at 1.6,2.0,
3.0,5.0 and 10.0,respectively(from the top to the
bottom). =5
538
2
1.
.
0
5 葛峰
_o.5 篓
2
1.
.
0
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 ̄--o.5 篓
I =9.0
,
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.5
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0 5 10
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0 5 l0
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(d)TestNo3631
Fig.3 VIV motion trajectories of both the upstream and down—
stream cylinders for the initial spacing X at 2.5,3.0
5.0 and 10.0,respectively(from the top to the bottom).
9
D X;D
Fig.4 Motion trajectories of upstream and downstream cyli—
nders non—dimensionalised by each cylinder’S own
diameter. 5,Dl/4 2, l/L2=0.5,X
5
2.1 Motiontrajectories
The VIV motions Of bOth the upstream and the
downstrearn cylinders,particularly in the transverse
direction,can be large,as shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3.
The figures give the trajectory plots of the two cyli—
nders at the nominal reduced velocities of 5 and 9,res—
pectively,as an example.It should be noted that the
cylinder’S cross—flow and in.1ine displacements are
non.dimensionlised by using its own diameter while
the spacing between the two cylinders is non..dimen..
sionlised by the diameter of the upstream cylinder,
hence these plots are not drawn exactly to scale.It iS
knownthatfor anisolated cylinderpermittingboththe
in—line and the cross.flow VIV responses.the response
peak is typically delayed to around Zr=9 or beyond.
It can be seen that the maximum transverse motion
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1.5
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(b) _2.0
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1.0
0
0 O.1 0_2 O.3 0.4
’, (,。
0 0.1 0-2 0.3 04
’厂‘【,。
fc) =10
Fig.5 Power spectral density of the cross—flow and the in—line
motions of the two cylinders.The nominal reduced velo—
cit)r Vr=5
amplitude to diameter ratio is as high as I.5.The large
amplitude response may be attributed to the low mass—
damping parameter value at about 0.02.It iS also
noted that both the upstream and downstream cyli—
nders have appreciable VIV motion in the in—line dire—
ction.Typically,the in—line motion amplitude iS about
a quarter to a half of the transverse motion amplitude.
一 as 一 _)aSd
It should be noted that the two cylinders have diferent
natural frequencies in calm water with the down—
stream cylinder’s natural frequency twice as high.At
the large spacing the effective reduced velocity for the
downstream cylinder is approximately same as the no—
minal reduced velocity,because its diameter is half of
that of the upstream cylinder and the wake shielding
cffects become weak.
Figure 4 presents the enlarged and separated tra—
i ectory plots for the nominal reduced velocity at 5 and
the non.dimensional spacing between the two cyli—
nders =5.Both the inline and the cross—flow dis—
placements are non.diemsionalised by the use of the
cylinder’s own diameter,and the plots are given indi—
vidually without showing the spacing between them.
It can be seen that the trajectories are qualitatively
diferent 乃ilst the trajectory of the upstream cyli—
nder has the classic“8”一shaped crescent.as observed
by many other researchers.the downstream cylinder
appears not displaying any regular pattem.
Further the results of the spectral analysis of the
inline and the cross.flow motion responses are given
in Fig.5 for both the cylinders.For the cross—flOW mo—
tion,the upstream cylinder has only one spectral peak,
whilst the downstream cylinder can have two spectral
peaks.These spectral peaks correspond to the vortex
shedding frequency of the upstream cylinder and the
lock—in vibration of its OW1]vortex shedding.Further
discussion is given in the next sub section of the
pape ̄
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n3
0.2
~0.1
0
’
.1
.0.2
-0.3
-0-4
20 40 60 80 10o l20 140 160 180 200
l
Fig.6(a)Cross-flow motion time—history of the downstream
cylinder. :5 and X 2
0.4
0.3
0.2
.0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
0.3
_0_4
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山一lIlI越。-L 山 I‘I▲lIILI
。 I_IIr
20 40 60 80 J00 j20 i40 l60 l80 200
t
Fig.6(b)High frequency part of(a)
The two frequency components of the down—
stream cylinder shown in Fig.5(b)are split in the time—
domain,and the results are given in Fig.6.The high
539
frequency part is likely due to the downstream cyli—
nder’s own vortex shedding.It has the classic feature
of beating.In comparison,the low frequency part is
rather steady.In separating the high and low freque—
ncy parts,the division is set at D2f/U=O.12.
0-4
晓3
0.2
1
o.1
9 o
n1
-0.2
.3
.4
20 4o 6o 80 1oo 120 140 160 l踟200
t/s
Fig.6(c)Low frequency part of(a)
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0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
n’厂’u
- I I.—.‘- - I
(a)X=2
TestNo3569
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一 IIL..
一
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Fig.7 Power special density of the lift and drag coefficients of
the two cylinders.The nominal reduced velocity 5
2.2Hydro&namicforces
Figure 7 gives the power spectral density fun—
ctions ofthe drag and lift coefficients ofthe two cyli—
nders.The following observations are made.
(1)At X=5,where the influence ofthe down.
stream cylinder upon the upstream cylinder is deemed
tO be negligible.the Strouhal number of the upstream
cylinder is approximately at 0.15.The dominant drag
一 -)一Q∞
^= 凸∽
一 『)一0∞
(_=u一0s
-ll
一: 一自
frequency istwice as large,i.e.,forthe dragpeakfre—
quency fD,/U is approximately at 0.3.These results
are typical of an isolated cylinder undergoing VIV in
cross flow.There are some low frequency contents in
thedrag,anditisunclear astothe reasonforthis.
f21 At the small spacing,the lift frequency of the
downstream cylinder is identical to that of the up.
stream cylinder.It may therefore be inferred that the
lift variation is due to vo ̄ices shed from upstream
cylinder and impinging on the downstream cylinder.It
is also note中国诗歌网会员登录 d that there is a smaller high frequency
component at around D f}U=0.、8.With reference
to Fig.5(b),it is clear that even though this high
frequency force component is relatively small in its
magnitude,its induced motion is greater because of
resonance effects.
(3)As the spacing increases,the high frequency
liR component at around D1厂/U=0.18 becomes
more significant for the downstream cylinder,proba—
bly reflecting the competing factors of the vortex shed
upstream on the one hand and the vortex generated by
itself on the other.
(4)The spectral features ofthe drag ofthe down—
stream cylinder aDpear far more complex than its cou.
nterpart on the upstream cylinder.
0 2 4 6 8 10
(a)
(d)
Fig.8 Stand ̄d deviation of the in—line and the cross-flow mo—
tion of the two cylinders.The horizontal axis is the spa—
cing between the two cylinders non—dimensionalised by
using the upstream cylinder’s ̄ameter
2.3 Statistical parameters
From Fig.8,where the standard deviations of the
VIV responses of both the cylinders are presented.it
is clear that the VIV motion of the upstream cylinder
is not significantly affected by the existence of the
downstream cylinder in this study.It should be
emphasized again here that horizontal axis, ,is the
non—dimensional spacing by the use of the upstream
cylinder diameter which is twice as large as the
downstream cylinder’s diameter.The VIV response of
the downstream cylinder,on the other hand,appears
more complex and sensitive to the spacing variation,
particularly when the spacing is smal1.
5
4-0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.O
O.5
Fig.9 Mean drag coefficients of the two cylinders versus the
spacingfordifferent
Figure 9 gives the mean drag coefficients of the
two cylinders.For the purpose of comparison,the
mean drag coefficients of the two cylinders held sta.
tionary,i…e without undergoing VIV,are also plotted
in the figure.It is clear that for the upstream cylinder
the VIV response gives rise to a drag amplification.
The amplification is insensitive to the spacing.but
dependent upon which determines the VIV respo—
nse.In other words.the drag amplification is VIV
amplitude response dependent,as shown by many
other researchers in the past.
STD(Y.)
(b)
y:
7
Fig.1 0 Mean drag coefficient versus standard deviation of the
VIV motion response
In comparison with the stationary cylinder results,
it is clear that the mean drag on the downstream cyli—
nder is also increased.It may be tempting to attribute
this increase to the same mechanism of drag amplift—
cation of the upstream cylinder.To this end.the rela—
tionship between me drag increase and the VIV ampli—
fU里
∞ 加 m=兮 吼 n n n 一一 ,)^高∞
一鬟譬Ⅱ)一
O Ⅱ▲
o a▲
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一 _)^lL∞
tude response is plotted in Fig.1 0 for the two cylinders
For the upstream cylinder,it is clear that the mean
drag coefficient is almost linearly dependent upon the
cross—flOW motion amplitude STD( )where STD
denotes the standard deviation.A least square fit
yields the following drag amplification expression.
Amplification factor=1+1.96xSTD(Y1
where the amplification factor is the ratio between the
mean drag coefficient of the vibrating cylinder and the
drag coefficient of the same cylinder held fixed in the
flow.In comparison with the various expressions of
the drag amplification given in Section 2.3 the
above linear relationship yields drag coe ̄cient values
smaller than the curve—fit expression based upon the
data of Sarpkaya,Tanida et a1.and Torum et a1.,but
greater than that of Vandiver’s expression.It appears
there still is a large degree of uncertainty concerning
VIV drag amplification,even though this is a rather
important issue for the deepwater riser designL J.It is
also noted that for the upstream cylinder the drag
amplification appears also linearly correlated with the
inline motion amplitude.In contrast with the upstream
cylinder。the drag Of the downstream cylinder appears
uncorrelated with its own VIV motion response.as
shown in Fig.10.
STD( )
(a)
STD( )
(b)
7
Fig.1 1 Lift coefficient versus standard deviation of the VIV
motion response
In Fig.11.the lift coefficient is plotted against the
cross—flow motion amplitude.For the upstrearn cyli—
nder,as the cross—flow motion increases from zero,so
does the lift.However。the lift decreases as the cross.
flow motion further increases.The仃end of the lift on
the downstream cylinder appears less clear,even
though the lift also aDpears to decrease once the me—
tion increases beyond a certain limit.It should be
noted that the lift presented here is the total hydro—
dynamic loading on the cylinder in the cross.flow
direction and its includes beth the components in
phase with the acceleration and with the velocity.res—
pectively.
2.4 Motion amplitude versus reduced velocitv
For the cases investigated here.the effects of the
downs仃cam cylinder on the upstream cylinder VIV
are generally very smal1.As such,it can be expected
541
that the upstrcam cylinder VIV motion is correlated
with the nominal reduced velocity as in the case of an
isolated VIV cylinder in cross flow.As discussed in
the foregoing,on the other hand,the dominant spe—
ctral peak of the lifl on the downstream cylinder is
largely due to its own vortex shedding when the spa—
cing is large.and a combination Of its own vortex she—
dding and the vortices shed from the upstream cyli—
nder for small and intermediate spacing.The force
component with its frequency closer to the natural fre—
quency tends to give greater motion response due to
the resonance effects.It may therefore be reasonable
to expect the VIV response of the downstream cyli—
nder is more dependent upon the actual reduced velo—
city of the downstrcam cylinder.Some evidence to
support the conjecture can be found in Fig.12.In the
left plot.the standard deviations of the transverse VIV
motions of the downstrcam cylinder are plotted agai—
nst the nominal reduced velocity defined by the use of
the free stream velocity and the diameter and the natu—
ral frequency of the upstream cylinder.The仃end is
hard to discern here.The nominal reduced velocity is
not representative of the downstream cylinder as the
inflow velocity to the downstream cylinder is smaller
than the nominal free stream velocity to the upstream
cylinder due to the wake shielding effects.To estimate
the“true”reduced velocity of the downs仃cam cyli—
nder.a correction to the frees仃cam inflow velocity is
required.In the present study,this was done based
upon experimenta1 data obtained by Cantwell and
ColesL”J.which is reproduced in Fig.13.It should be
noted that the result of the velocity reduction in the
wake presented in Fig.1 3 is for a fixed cylinder(not
for a vibrating cylinder)and at a different Reynolds
number.The result is only used here for an approxi—
mate estimate of the“true”reduced velocity of the
downstream cylinder which is denoted as
.,
.In
Fig.12,it is clear that STD(Y2)is not correlated well
with the nominal reduced velocity ,but better
correlated with the‘‘true”reduced velocity.This stro—
ngly suggests that VⅣof the downstream cylinder is
primarily influenced by its own reduced velocity.
Fig.12 Standard deviation of the cross—flow motion of the
downstream cylinder versus the nominal reduced
velocity (a)and the“true”reduced velocity
(b)
^2u一^【L∞
一:u一Ⅱls
542
Fig.1 3 Mean wake velocity b/c,along the wake centreline
behind a fixed cylinder of diameter d,non—dimen—
sionalised by using the free stream velocity b/
f.
Re=1.410
Fig.14 Upstream cylinder VIV response STD(Y ̄)vs nominal
reduced velocity and downstream cylinder VIV
response STD(Y2)vs it own“true”reduced velocity
Figure 1 4 compares the cross—flow VIV ampli
tude responses of both the cylinders with their own
reduced velocities. ilst the overall trends are simi.
1ar.it is also observed that at large reduced velocities
the upstream cylinder has greater VIV motion respo.
nse in comparison.The reason for this is unclear and
requires further investigation.
3.Conclusions
Based upon the model test results presented in the
Paper,the following conclusions can be drawn.
(11 The VIV motion trajectories are qualitatively
dif-ferent be een the upstream cylinder in steady
uniforill flOW and the downstream cylinder situated in
the wake of the ups仃eam cylinder.
f2、The lift force on the downstream cylinder has
the dominate spectral Deak at either the shedding fre—
quency of the upstream cylinder or its own shedding
frequency depending upon the spacing between the
two cylinders.The influence of the upstream cylinder
is more pronounced when the in—line spacing is smal1.
f31 Like the u沁园春雪书法正楷 pstream cylinder,the downstream
cylinder also experiences a certain degree of drag
amplification.But unlike the upstream cylinder,this
drag increase appears not correlated with the cross—
flow VIV motion and it remains a challenging task as
to how to quantify this drag amplification.
f41 Large VIV motions are observed in the test
results presented in the Paper with the maximum tran.
sverse motion amplitude around 1.5 diameters.For the
upstream cylinder.the VIV is similar to the classical
lock—in response.The test data indicate that the VIV
response of the downstream cylinder is significantly
dependent upon its own reduced velocity based upon
the reduced mean wake velocity.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support
of the Norwegian Deepwater Programme and BP
Exploration Operating Company Ltd as well as their
permissions for publishing the paper.The model tests
were carriedoutbyDHI.
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