奇观的英文译语怎么说-problem child


2023年4月6日发(作者:jingle bells 下载)

语音口语培训讲义

一、语音部分

(一)小落月满屋梁 学英语语音教学的意义

作为交际工具的语言首先是有声语言,文字只不过是有声

语言的记录符合,语音作为语言存在的物质基础,不仅是语言的本质,

也是语言教学的基础。英语语音好的学生,能利用单词的拼写规律识记

单词,听说读写的能力就强。学习语音主要靠教师的示范和学生的模仿。

教师示范,应注意以下几点:

1、口型准确,发音清楚准确,语调基本合乎标准。

2、原则上是由教师承担,也可利用电教设备、直观发音口型图、模型

等,教学中也可指定发音标准的学生示范。

3、示范时教师是“组织者”、“示范表演者”,让学生做到听得清,

看得见,仿得像,要做必要的讲解,讲解做到适时、适量、适度,具体

简单明了。

(二)小学英语语音培训项目(自《英语课程标准》(实验稿)2001)

1、基本读音

(1)26个字母读音

(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音:aei(y)ou

(3)常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音eg:

eeeaoioyieeiayereauetc.

(4)常见的辅音字母(组合)的读音eg:

thtchchshphghetc.

(5)辅音连缀的读音和浊化eg:

blclglflplslbrcrsksmspsts

trsplsprscrprquetc.

(6)成节音的读音eg:

blepleclegledletlesinsinftenve

netc.

(7)后缀变异eg:

house……housessay……saysmouth…mouthsbreathe

……breathetc.

(8)读音与语法的联系:

a.名词复数受读音的影响eg:清辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【s】,

元音字母和浊辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【z】;动词过去时和过

去分词加ed读音,清辅音结尾单词后ed读【t】,浊辅音和元音结尾

的后读【d】。

b.重读闭音节形容词和动词词形变化的特殊性:条件是重读闭音节结尾

只有一个辅音字母

hot……hotterbig……biggerwet……wetteretc.

shop…shopping…shoppedstop…stopping…stoppedetc.

c.元音音素开头的名词前不定冠词应为an而不是a,弱用冠词the应读

作[i]

2、重音

(1)单词重读音节:重音符号----音标里音节左上方的小竖线

(2)单词在句子中的重读实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠

词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代

词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be。

例外情况:A.实词不重读的特殊情况

a)实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.

b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailway

station.

c)代替词Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.

d)感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!How

beautifulsheis!

e)street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.

f)this在这些短语中,thismorning/afternoon/evening

B.虚词重读的特殊情况

a)情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Doyoulike

it?Yes,adoctor?Yes,helpme?Yes,

\'\'taworker.

b)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,e

personItalkedwith.

c)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I\'

comes,I\'lltellhim.

d)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn\'tcomehimself.

3、意群的读音

A.连读

连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读

所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重。

(连读符号:~)

(1)“辅音+元音”型连读

在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词

是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。

I’m~an~Englishboy.

It~is~an~oldbook.

Letmehave~alook~at~it.

Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.

Put~it~on,please.

Not~at~all.

Pleasepick~it~up.

(2)“r/re+元音”型连读

如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r

或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。

There~isafootballunder~it.

There~aresomebooksonthedesk.

Where~areyourbrother~andsister?

但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也

不能连读。

Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer与and

不可连读)

(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读

英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个

词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读即“音的同化”。

Thank~you.

Nicetomeet~you.

Did~yougettherelate~again?

Would~youlike~acup~oftea?

Could~youhelpme,please?

(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开

头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。

I~amChinese.

Shecan’tcarry~it.

It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.

Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.

(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个

相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。

Is~ita~hatoracat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)

Ther天街小雨润如酥作文 e~is~agoodbookinmydesk.(book与in之间不可以连读)

Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?(English与or之间不可以连读)

Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.(door与and之间不可以连读)

B.失去爆破:英语里6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,

/g/

失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况(后面紧跟辅音因素)下,

只须做出发音的准备(口型),但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。

Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.

Thebi(g)busfromthefatoryisfullofpeople.

Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?

Thisisanol(d)pitureofabi(g)car.

Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.

Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?

Theol(d)dotorhasaca(t),too.

Goo(d)morning,.

4、语调:最基本的是升调和降调

(1)升调常用来表示不肯定,语意未完,或表示礼貌,常有含蓄、

委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况:

①一般疑问句通常用升调。

Ishe`maki程门立雪的故事50字 nga↗kite?

Arethey`cleaningthe↗classroom?

②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时,除最后那个并列成分用降调

外,前面所有的并列成分都要用升调

`Let’s`countour`new↘books.↗One,↗two,↗three,↗four,

↘five.`Oh,wehave↘fivenewbooks.

We’d`likea`bottleof↗coke,`two`bottlesof`apple↗juice,

a↗hamburgerand`two↘cakes.

③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分,or前的部分用升调,or后的部分

用降调,记成“前升后降”。

Isher`answer↗rightor↘wrong?

Weretheyinthe`high↗jumporthe`long↘jump?

④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况:若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把

握,想询问对方这一内容是否正确,则陈述句部分用降调,简略问句用

升调;若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握,只是想要对方同意自己

的观点,或是想从对方那里得到证实,则前后两部分都用降调。

--Your`uncleis↘tall,↗isn’the?--↘No,he’svery↘short.

You`like↘apples,↗don’tyou?

He`wentto`Londonwithhis↘family,↗didn’the?

--You`won’t`go`thereto↘morrow,↗willyou?--↘Yes,I

↘will.

⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况:若主句在前,从句在后,

主句结束时意思已比较完整,则通常用降调,整个句子读完时也应该用

降调;但是,若从句在前,主句在后,则常常是“前升后降”。

Iwas`drawinga↘picturewhenmy`mother`came↘back.

`Whenshe`gottothe↗station,the`trainhad`already↘left.

(2)降调在英语句子中,降调的使用比升调更为广泛,它表示肯

定、决断、坚决或终结,但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。降调的用

法可归纳为以下七种:

①陈述句用降调:

`Lucyis`cleaningher↘bedroom.

`Mary`wrotea`lettertoher`friend`last↘night.

②特殊疑问句也用降调:

`Whoseis`this↘coat?

`How`longhaveyoubeenat`this↘school?

③表示命令的祈使句也常用降调:

`David,`openthe↘door.

`Don’t`throwitonthe↘floor.

④问候用语常用降调,以示真诚:

Good↘morning.

How↘areyou?

⑤感谢用语也常用降调,以表示诚挚的谢意:

`Thanksa↘lot.

`Thankyou`very↘much.

⑥感叹句用降调:

Whata↘lovelyday!

Whata↘terribledayIspenttoday!

`How↘hardalltheworkersareworking!

⑦在并列句中,并列连词and,but,or等的前后两上分句都用降调:

We`cometo`schoolby↘busandhe`comesby↘bike.

She`likes↘English,butshe`needs↘help.

(三)语音练习Practice

A.单词读音练习

单词辨音:找出划线部分发音不同的一项

ce

ss

d

e

h

e

ful

B.句子朗读练习:

1、句子重读:试读下面的句子:

1)WewenttotheSummerPalacelastSunday.

2)Iamverygladtomeetyou.

3)Agoodhusbandmakesagoodwife.

4)Heisayoungman.

5)Hewillreturnhomeintwoyears

6)Ibegyourpardon.

8)apenandapencil

9)thestarandthemoon

10)Eastandwesthomeisthebest.

11)WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

12)Amother’sloveneverchanges

13)Bloodwillhaveblood.

14)Lifeisnotfair,getusedtoit.

15)Activityistheonlyroadtoknowledge.

2.连读Practice

1、注意正确地读出不完全的爆破音:

1)Doyouwanttoreadthisbook?

2)Hewon’tbebackuntilnextSaturday.

3)Idon’tknowifI’mallowedtostayheretillnextMonday.

4)Don’tputthehotdoginthesoapbox.

5)Willyoupleasewaitforamoment?

6)Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.

7)Putonyourglasses.

8)Hehasagreatdealoftranslationtodo.

C.语调练习

Didyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty?

HaveyoubeentotheGreatWallyet?

’tgoback.

upateleven.

Youarequiteright.

ry

Weloveourgreatmotherland.

Whattimeisitnow?

WhatareyougoingtodothisSunday?

Howhaveyoubeengettingalong?

Whatahotday!

Howfastheruns!

Whatabeautifulgardenitis!

HowIwishIhadn’twastedthosehoursanddays!

D.意群及停顿(/表示停顿)

1)先升后降

Doyouprefertea/orcoffee?

Ishestillhere/orhashegonehomealready?

Atteno’clockinthemorning/theparadebegan.

Ifweworkharder,/weshallbeabletofulfilltheplanahead

oftime.

One,/two,/three/andfour

achair,/atable,/abed/andadesk

2)先降后升(先升后降)

Youboughtanewwatchyesterday,/didn’tyou?

Hedoesn’tcomehereforlunch,/doeshe?

Itisafineday,/isn’tit?

二、口语部分

(一)ClassroomEnglish英语课堂用语

用英语组织教学是英语课堂教学原则之一,也是加大学生

语言输入量很有效的渠道之一,小学英语教师必须掌握基本的课堂用语,

现将课堂用语分类介绍给广大小学英语教师,建议大家熟记以下用语,

并在课堂上得体灵活地运用。

课堂教学用语(中华人民共和国教育部)

1.上课(Beginningaclass)

(1)Let’sstartnow./Let’sbeginourclass/lesson.

(2)Standup,please.(3)Sitdown,Pease.

2.问候(Greetings)

(4)Hello,boysandgirls/children.

(5)Goodmorning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys

andgirls.

(6)Goodafternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys

andgirls.(7)Howareyoutoday?

3.考勤(Checkingattendance)

(8)Who’sondutytoday?/Who’shelpingthismorning/

today?

(9)Iseveryone/everybodyhere/present?

(10)Isanyoneaway?/Isanybodyaway?

(11)Isanyoneabsent?/Isanybodyabsent?

(12)Who’sabsent?/Who’saway?(13)Whereishe/she?

(14)Trytobeontime./Don’tbelatenexttime.

(15)Gobacktoyourseat,please.(16)Whatdayisittoday?

(17)What’sthedatetoday?(18)What’stheweatherlike

today?

(19)What’sitlikeoutside?

4.宣布(Announcing)

(20)Let’sstartworking./Let’sbegin/startanew

lesson./Let’sbegin/startourlesson.

(21)First,let’sreview/dosomereview.寒衣节出生的人叫天胎

(22)Whatdidwelearninthelastlesson?

(23)Whocantell/rememberwhatwedidinthelastlesson

/yesterday?

(24)Nowwe’regoingtodosomethingnew/different./Now

let’slearnsomethingnew.

(25)Wehavesomenewwords/sentences.

5.提起注意(Directingattention)

(26)Ready?/Areyouready?

(27)Didyougetthere?/Doyouunderstand?

(28)Isthatclear?(29)Anyvolunteers?

(30)Doyouknowwhattodo?

(31)Bequiet,please./Quiet,please.

(32)Listen,please.(33)Listencarefully,please.

(34)Listentothetaperecorder/therecording.

(35)Lookcarefully,please.

(36)Look(over)here.(37)Watchcarefully.

(38)Areyouwatching?

(39)Pleaselookattheblack-board/picture/map…

(40)Payattentiontoyourspelling/pronunciation.

6吾所以为此者 .课堂活动(Classroomactivities)

(41)Start!/Startnow.

(42)Everybodytogether./Alltogether.

(43)Practiseinagroup./Practiseingroups/Ingroups,

please.

(44)Getintogroupsofthree/four…

(45)Everybodyfindsapartner/friend.(46)Inpairs,please.

(47)Oneatatime./Let’sdoitonebyone/inturn.

(48)Nowyou,please./Yourturn(Studentsname).

(49)Next,please.Nowyoudothesame,please.

(50)Let’sact./Let’sactout/dothedialogue.

(51)WhowantstobeA?(52)Practisethedialogue,please.

(53)NowTomwillbeA,andtheotherhalfwillbeB.

(54)Pleasetake(play)thepartof…(55)Whoseturnisit?

(56)It’syourturn.(57)Waitforyourturn,please.

(58)Standinline./Lineup.

(59)Onebyone./Oneatatime,please.

(60)Intwos./Inpairs.(61)Don’tspeakout.(62)Turn

around.

7.请求(Request)

(63)Couldyoupleasetryitagain?

(64)Couldyoupleasetrythenextone?

(65)Willyoupleasehelpme?

8.鼓励(Encouraging)

(66)Canyoutry?(67)Try,please.

(68)Tryyourbest./Doyourbest.

(69)Thinkhard/itoverandtryagain.(70)Don’tbeafraid

/shy.

9.指令(Issuingacommand)

(71)Say/Readaft夜来城外一尺雪 erme,please.(72)Followme,please.

(73)DoasIdo/whatIdo.

(74)Repeat,please./Read/Say/afterme.

(75)Oncemore,please./Onemoretime,please./(Once)again,

please.(76)Comehere,please./Comeover,please.

(77)Pleasecometothefront./Comeupandwriteonthe

blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Comeandwriteitonthe

blackboard.

(79)Pleasegobacktoyourseat.(80)InEnglish,please.

(81)Putyourhandup,please.Raiseyourhand,please.

(82)Putyourhandsdown,please./Handsdown,please.

(83)Sayit/WriteitinChinese/English.

(84)Pleasetakeoutyourbooks.

(85)Pleaseopenyourbooksatpage…/Findpage…/Turnto

Page…

(86)Pleaseanswerthequestion/questions./Pleaseanswermy

questions.

(87)Pleasereadthisletter/word/sentenceoutloud./

Pleasereadoutthisletter/word/sentence.

(88)Pleasestopnow./Stopnow,please./Stophere,please.

(89)Cleanupyourdesk/theclassroom,please.

(90)It’sclean-uptime./Tidyupyourdesk/theclassroom.

(91)Putyourthingsaway./Cleanoffyourdesk./Pickup

thescraps(pieces).

(92)Cleantheblackboard.

(93)Plugin(接通)thetape-recorder,please.

(94)Putthetape-recorderaway.

(95)Putthetapeinit’sbox/cassette.

(96)Listenandrepeat.(97)Lookandlisten.

(98)Repeatafterme.(99)Followthewords.

(100)Fast./Quickly!/Bequick,please.

(101)Hurry!/Hurryup,please.

(102)Slowdown,please.(103)Slowly.

(104)Bringmesomechalk,please.

10.禁止和警告(Prohibitionandwarning)

(105)Stoptalking./Stoptalkingnow,please.

(106)Don’ttalk./Everybodyquiet,please.(107)Don’t

besilly.(108)Settledown.

11.评价)(Appraisal)

(109)Good,thankyou.

(110)Good/Verygood./Godjob./Goodwork./Good

example.(111)Agoodanswer./Nicework.

(112)Excellent./Great!/Welldone./Verygood./Ilike

thewayyou…(113)That’sinteresting!

(114)Don’tworryaboutit./Noproblem.

(115)OK!/That’sOK.(116)Idon’tthinkso.

(117)That’snotquiteright,anyotheranswers?/That’s

close/That’salmostright.

(118)Notquite,cananyonehelphim/her?/tryagain.

(119)Agoodtry.

12.布置作业(Settinghomework)

(120)Fortoday’shomework…

(121)Practiseafterclass./Practiseathome.

(122)Sayitoutloud,beforeyouwriteitdown.

(123)Copy/Print/Writeeachwordtwice.

(124)Remember(Memorize)thesewords/sentences.

(125)Learnthesewords/thesesentences/thistextbyheart.

(126)Doyourhomework./Dothenextlesson./Dothenewwork.

13.下课(Dismissingtheclass)

(127)Handinyourworkbooks,please.

(128)Timeisup.(129)Thebellisringing.

(130)There’sthebell.(131)Theregoesthebell.

(132)Let’sstophere.(133)That’sallfortoday.

(134)Classisover.

(135)Goodbye./Bye./Seeyounexttime./tomorrow.

(二)话题讲述范例Modeltopics

1、Myfamily/school/class/hometown/friend/Englishteacher/

favouriteseason/sports/food/colour/place/idealjob/

future…

2、IlikeEnglish/singging/sports/playingbasketball…

3、Thisismyfather/friend/school/hometown/room/house/

toybear/computer/…4、Whataretheydoing?

5、Ihadabusy/happy/sad/dull//day/time/evening/

dream/holiday/Christmas/Children’sDay…

6、Ineedyourhelp./Ihaveaproblem.7、Let’sdosth.

8、HowImissyou!9、ThepersonIadmire/respect/miss….

10、Talkaboutaholiday

SamplesSelfintroduction

Sample1

Mynameis….Thereare…eris

heschemistryinseniorhighschool.

chesEnglishinthe

youngerbrother,heisajuniorhighschool

studentandispreparingfortheentranceexam.

mesI

gE-

tion,italsoenlargesmyvocabularywords

becauseoftheadvancedtechnologyandthevividanimations动

画.

IhopetostudybothEnglishandcomputertechnologybecauseI

nedayIcould

combinebothofthemandapplytomyresearchinthefuture.

Sample2

Helloeveryone,reallyagreathonorto

havethisopportunity,andIbelieveIcanmakegoodperformance

20yearsold,

borninGuangdongprovince,southofChina,andIamasenior

ll

receivemybachelor’

pastfouryears,dCET4

andCET6withaeaseandacquired(获取)basictheoreticaland

s,Ihaveattended

severalSpeechcompetitionheldinBeijing,whichreallyshowed

akenatourtosomebig

factoriesandcompanies,throughwhichIgotadeepunderstanding

edtodevelopedcountries,

unfortunately,althoughwehavemadeextraordinaryprogresssince

1998,ourpackagingindustryisstillunderdeveloped,messy(杂

乱)andunstable(不稳定),andthesituationofemployeesinthe

fieldisawkward(笨拙的).ButIhavefullconfidenceinitsbright

futureifonlyoureconomycanbekeptatthegrowthpacestill.

Icanworkhere,character,Icannot

describeitwell,butIknowIamoptimistic(乐观的)andconfident.

SometimesIprefertostayalone,readingandlisteningtothe

music,butIamnotlonely,forIliketochatwithmyclassmates

ritepastime(消遣)istoplay

volleyball,feat

university,

theway,

fewglorious(光彩的)

(三)情景会话Conversations

1、IntroductiosandOpeningConversations

2、Seeingthedoctor3、Shopping

4、Atelephonecall5、Askingforandtellingthe

direction

6、Atabirthdayparty

Samples

1、Makingatelephonecall

A:Hello!

B:Hello!CouldIspeaktoJean?

A:I\'msorryshe\'snotinatthemoment.

B:?

A:Yes,thisisJean\'aveanythingimportantto

tellJean?CanItakeamessageforyou?

B:Tony,Jean\'tellhertobring

ouseittomorrow.

A:ngelse?[5]

B:No,thankyouverymuch,?

A:You\'rewelcome.

2、Askingfordirection

Dale:outellmehowtogettothePalaceMuseum?

Nancy:verwilltellyouwheretoget

off.

Dale:Yes,butI\'mdrivingmyowncar.

Nancy:Oh,thenyoudrivealongthisstreet,turnrightatthe

thirdcrossroad,raightonuntil

youseearoadsignthatsays\"PalaceMuseum\",andthenyoufollow

directyoutothePalaceMuseum.

Dale:Drivealongthisstreet,turnright,turnleft,keep

straight,andthenI\'llseetheroadsign?

Nancy:That\'sright.

Dale:AreyousurethatIwon\'tbumpintoanyone-waystreets?

Nancy:Well,...Idon\'tseeanycar

syourcar?

Dale:?

Nancy:Oh,\'dbettermoveitbeforeapolicemanseesyou

parkingthere.

Dale:Why?Idon\'tseeany\"NoParking\"signs.

Nancy:Butyou\'reparkinginabuszone.

Dale:Herecomesapoliceman.Thankyou,

themuseum?

Nancy:Abouthalfanhour.

Dale:\'vebeenveryhelpful.

Nancy:Hurryup,oryou\'llg鹿和狼的故事原文 etaticket.

3、IntroductiosandOpeningConversations

PeopleintheUnitedStatesdon\'talwaysshakehandswhenthey

r,inaformalorbusiness

situationpeoplealmostalwaysshakehands.

Sample

A:Mary,thisisJoe\'sbrotherDavid.

B:I\'mverygladtomeetyou.

C:It\'sapleasuretomeetyou.

B:HowdoyoulikeTexassofar?

C:It\'sreallydifferentfromwhatIexpected.

B:Don\'\'llgetusedtoitinnotime.

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