奇观的英文译语怎么说-problem child
2023年4月6日发(作者:jingle bells 下载)
语音口语培训讲义
一、语音部分
(一)小落月满屋梁 学英语语音教学的意义
作为交际工具的语言首先是有声语言,文字只不过是有声
语言的记录符合,语音作为语言存在的物质基础,不仅是语言的本质,
也是语言教学的基础。英语语音好的学生,能利用单词的拼写规律识记
单词,听说读写的能力就强。学习语音主要靠教师的示范和学生的模仿。
教师示范,应注意以下几点:
1、口型准确,发音清楚准确,语调基本合乎标准。
2、原则上是由教师承担,也可利用电教设备、直观发音口型图、模型
等,教学中也可指定发音标准的学生示范。
3、示范时教师是“组织者”、“示范表演者”,让学生做到听得清,
看得见,仿得像,要做必要的讲解,讲解做到适时、适量、适度,具体
简单明了。
(二)小学英语语音培训项目(自《英语课程标准》(实验稿)2001)
1、基本读音
(1)26个字母读音
(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音:aei(y)ou
(3)常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音eg:
eeeaoioyieeiayereauetc.
(4)常见的辅音字母(组合)的读音eg:
thtchchshphghetc.
(5)辅音连缀的读音和浊化eg:
blclglflplslbrcrsksmspsts
trsplsprscrprquetc.
(6)成节音的读音eg:
blepleclegledletlesinsinftenve
netc.
(7)后缀变异eg:
house……housessay……saysmouth…mouthsbreathe
……breathetc.
(8)读音与语法的联系:
a.名词复数受读音的影响eg:清辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【s】,
元音字母和浊辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【z】;动词过去时和过
去分词加ed读音,清辅音结尾单词后ed读【t】,浊辅音和元音结尾
的后读【d】。
b.重读闭音节形容词和动词词形变化的特殊性:条件是重读闭音节结尾
只有一个辅音字母
hot……hotterbig……biggerwet……wetteretc.
shop…shopping…shoppedstop…stopping…stoppedetc.
c.元音音素开头的名词前不定冠词应为an而不是a,弱用冠词the应读
作[i]
2、重音
(1)单词重读音节:重音符号----音标里音节左上方的小竖线
(2)单词在句子中的重读实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠
词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代
词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be。
例外情况:A.实词不重读的特殊情况
a)实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.
b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailway
station.
c)代替词Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.
d)感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!How
beautifulsheis!
e)street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.
f)this在这些短语中,thismorning/afternoon/evening
B.虚词重读的特殊情况
a)情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Doyoulike
it?Yes,adoctor?Yes,helpme?Yes,
\'\'taworker.
b)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,e
personItalkedwith.
c)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I\'
comes,I\'lltellhim.
d)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn\'tcomehimself.
3、意群的读音
A.连读
连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读
所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重。
(连读符号:~)
(1)“辅音+元音”型连读
在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词
是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。
I’m~an~Englishboy.
It~is~an~oldbook.
Letmehave~alook~at~it.
Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on,please.
Not~at~all.
Pleasepick~it~up.
(2)“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r
或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
There~isafootballunder~it.
There~aresomebooksonthedesk.
Where~areyourbrother~andsister?
但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也
不能连读。
Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer与and
不可连读)
(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个
词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读即“音的同化”。
Thank~you.
Nicetomeet~you.
Did~yougettherelate~again?
Would~youlike~acup~oftea?
Could~youhelpme,please?
(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开
头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
I~amChinese.
Shecan’tcarry~it.
It’lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.
Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.
(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个
相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。
Is~ita~hatoracat?(hat与or之间不可以连读)
Ther天街小雨润如酥作文 e~is~agoodbookinmydesk.(book与in之间不可以连读)
Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?(English与or之间不可以连读)
Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.(door与and之间不可以连读)
B.失去爆破:英语里6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,
/g/
失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况(后面紧跟辅音因素)下,
只须做出发音的准备(口型),但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。
Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.
Thebi(g)busfromthefatoryisfullofpeople.
Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?
Thisisanol(d)pitureofabi(g)car.
Iboughtachea(p)book,butit’sagoo(d)book.
Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?
Theol(d)dotorhasaca(t),too.
Goo(d)morning,.
4、语调:最基本的是升调和降调
(1)升调常用来表示不肯定,语意未完,或表示礼貌,常有含蓄、
委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况:
①一般疑问句通常用升调。
Ishe`maki程门立雪的故事50字 nga↗kite?
Arethey`cleaningthe↗classroom?
②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时,除最后那个并列成分用降调
外,前面所有的并列成分都要用升调
`Let’s`countour`new↘books.↗One,↗two,↗three,↗four,
↘five.`Oh,wehave↘fivenewbooks.
We’d`likea`bottleof↗coke,`two`bottlesof`apple↗juice,
a↗hamburgerand`two↘cakes.
③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分,or前的部分用升调,or后的部分
用降调,记成“前升后降”。
Isher`answer↗rightor↘wrong?
Weretheyinthe`high↗jumporthe`long↘jump?
④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况:若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把
握,想询问对方这一内容是否正确,则陈述句部分用降调,简略问句用
升调;若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握,只是想要对方同意自己
的观点,或是想从对方那里得到证实,则前后两部分都用降调。
--Your`uncleis↘tall,↗isn’the?--↘No,he’svery↘short.
You`like↘apples,↗don’tyou?
He`wentto`Londonwithhis↘family,↗didn’the?
--You`won’t`go`thereto↘morrow,↗willyou?--↘Yes,I
↘will.
⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况:若主句在前,从句在后,
主句结束时意思已比较完整,则通常用降调,整个句子读完时也应该用
降调;但是,若从句在前,主句在后,则常常是“前升后降”。
Iwas`drawinga↘picturewhenmy`mother`came↘back.
`Whenshe`gottothe↗station,the`trainhad`already↘left.
(2)降调在英语句子中,降调的使用比升调更为广泛,它表示肯
定、决断、坚决或终结,但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。降调的用
法可归纳为以下七种:
①陈述句用降调:
`Lucyis`cleaningher↘bedroom.
`Mary`wrotea`lettertoher`friend`last↘night.
②特殊疑问句也用降调:
`Whoseis`this↘coat?
`How`longhaveyoubeenat`this↘school?
③表示命令的祈使句也常用降调:
`David,`openthe↘door.
`Don’t`throwitonthe↘floor.
④问候用语常用降调,以示真诚:
Good↘morning.
How↘areyou?
⑤感谢用语也常用降调,以表示诚挚的谢意:
`Thanksa↘lot.
`Thankyou`very↘much.
⑥感叹句用降调:
Whata↘lovelyday!
Whata↘terribledayIspenttoday!
`How↘hardalltheworkersareworking!
⑦在并列句中,并列连词and,but,or等的前后两上分句都用降调:
We`cometo`schoolby↘busandhe`comesby↘bike.
She`likes↘English,butshe`needs↘help.
(三)语音练习Practice
A.单词读音练习
单词辨音:找出划线部分发音不同的一项
ce
ss
d
e
h
e
ful
B.句子朗读练习:
1、句子重读:试读下面的句子:
1)WewenttotheSummerPalacelastSunday.
2)Iamverygladtomeetyou.
3)Agoodhusbandmakesagoodwife.
4)Heisayoungman.
5)Hewillreturnhomeintwoyears
6)Ibegyourpardon.
8)apenandapencil
9)thestarandthemoon
10)Eastandwesthomeisthebest.
11)WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.
12)Amother’sloveneverchanges
13)Bloodwillhaveblood.
14)Lifeisnotfair,getusedtoit.
15)Activityistheonlyroadtoknowledge.
2.连读Practice
1、注意正确地读出不完全的爆破音:
1)Doyouwanttoreadthisbook?
2)Hewon’tbebackuntilnextSaturday.
3)Idon’tknowifI’mallowedtostayheretillnextMonday.
4)Don’tputthehotdoginthesoapbox.
5)Willyoupleasewaitforamoment?
6)Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.
7)Putonyourglasses.
8)Hehasagreatdealoftranslationtodo.
C.语调练习
Didyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty?
HaveyoubeentotheGreatWallyet?
’tgoback.
upateleven.
Youarequiteright.
ry
Weloveourgreatmotherland.
Whattimeisitnow?
WhatareyougoingtodothisSunday?
Howhaveyoubeengettingalong?
Whatahotday!
Howfastheruns!
Whatabeautifulgardenitis!
HowIwishIhadn’twastedthosehoursanddays!
D.意群及停顿(/表示停顿)
1)先升后降
Doyouprefertea/orcoffee?
Ishestillhere/orhashegonehomealready?
Atteno’clockinthemorning/theparadebegan.
Ifweworkharder,/weshallbeabletofulfilltheplanahead
oftime.
One,/two,/three/andfour
achair,/atable,/abed/andadesk
2)先降后升(先升后降)
Youboughtanewwatchyesterday,/didn’tyou?
Hedoesn’tcomehereforlunch,/doeshe?
Itisafineday,/isn’tit?
二、口语部分
(一)ClassroomEnglish英语课堂用语
用英语组织教学是英语课堂教学原则之一,也是加大学生
语言输入量很有效的渠道之一,小学英语教师必须掌握基本的课堂用语,
现将课堂用语分类介绍给广大小学英语教师,建议大家熟记以下用语,
并在课堂上得体灵活地运用。
课堂教学用语(中华人民共和国教育部)
1.上课(Beginningaclass)
(1)Let’sstartnow./Let’sbeginourclass/lesson.
(2)Standup,please.(3)Sitdown,Pease.
2.问候(Greetings)
(4)Hello,boysandgirls/children.
(5)Goodmorning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys
andgirls.
(6)Goodafternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys
andgirls.(7)Howareyoutoday?
3.考勤(Checkingattendance)
(8)Who’sondutytoday?/Who’shelpingthismorning/
today?
(9)Iseveryone/everybodyhere/present?
(10)Isanyoneaway?/Isanybodyaway?
(11)Isanyoneabsent?/Isanybodyabsent?
(12)Who’sabsent?/Who’saway?(13)Whereishe/she?
(14)Trytobeontime./Don’tbelatenexttime.
(15)Gobacktoyourseat,please.(16)Whatdayisittoday?
(17)What’sthedatetoday?(18)What’stheweatherlike
today?
(19)What’sitlikeoutside?
4.宣布(Announcing)
(20)Let’sstartworking./Let’sbegin/startanew
lesson./Let’sbegin/startourlesson.
(21)First,let’sreview/dosomereview.寒衣节出生的人叫天胎
(22)Whatdidwelearninthelastlesson?
(23)Whocantell/rememberwhatwedidinthelastlesson
/yesterday?
(24)Nowwe’regoingtodosomethingnew/different./Now
let’slearnsomethingnew.
(25)Wehavesomenewwords/sentences.
5.提起注意(Directingattention)
(26)Ready?/Areyouready?
(27)Didyougetthere?/Doyouunderstand?
(28)Isthatclear?(29)Anyvolunteers?
(30)Doyouknowwhattodo?
(31)Bequiet,please./Quiet,please.
(32)Listen,please.(33)Listencarefully,please.
(34)Listentothetaperecorder/therecording.
(35)Lookcarefully,please.
(36)Look(over)here.(37)Watchcarefully.
(38)Areyouwatching?
(39)Pleaselookattheblack-board/picture/map…
(40)Payattentiontoyourspelling/pronunciation.
6吾所以为此者 .课堂活动(Classroomactivities)
(41)Start!/Startnow.
(42)Everybodytogether./Alltogether.
(43)Practiseinagroup./Practiseingroups/Ingroups,
please.
(44)Getintogroupsofthree/four…
(45)Everybodyfindsapartner/friend.(46)Inpairs,please.
(47)Oneatatime./Let’sdoitonebyone/inturn.
(48)Nowyou,please./Yourturn(Studentsname).
(49)Next,please.Nowyoudothesame,please.
(50)Let’sact./Let’sactout/dothedialogue.
(51)WhowantstobeA?(52)Practisethedialogue,please.
(53)NowTomwillbeA,andtheotherhalfwillbeB.
(54)Pleasetake(play)thepartof…(55)Whoseturnisit?
(56)It’syourturn.(57)Waitforyourturn,please.
(58)Standinline./Lineup.
(59)Onebyone./Oneatatime,please.
(60)Intwos./Inpairs.(61)Don’tspeakout.(62)Turn
around.
7.请求(Request)
(63)Couldyoupleasetryitagain?
(64)Couldyoupleasetrythenextone?
(65)Willyoupleasehelpme?
8.鼓励(Encouraging)
(66)Canyoutry?(67)Try,please.
(68)Tryyourbest./Doyourbest.
(69)Thinkhard/itoverandtryagain.(70)Don’tbeafraid
/shy.
9.指令(Issuingacommand)
(71)Say/Readaft夜来城外一尺雪 erme,please.(72)Followme,please.
(73)DoasIdo/whatIdo.
(74)Repeat,please./Read/Say/afterme.
(75)Oncemore,please./Onemoretime,please./(Once)again,
please.(76)Comehere,please./Comeover,please.
(77)Pleasecometothefront./Comeupandwriteonthe
blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Comeandwriteitonthe
blackboard.
(79)Pleasegobacktoyourseat.(80)InEnglish,please.
(81)Putyourhandup,please.Raiseyourhand,please.
(82)Putyourhandsdown,please./Handsdown,please.
(83)Sayit/WriteitinChinese/English.
(84)Pleasetakeoutyourbooks.
(85)Pleaseopenyourbooksatpage…/Findpage…/Turnto
Page…
(86)Pleaseanswerthequestion/questions./Pleaseanswermy
questions.
(87)Pleasereadthisletter/word/sentenceoutloud./
Pleasereadoutthisletter/word/sentence.
(88)Pleasestopnow./Stopnow,please./Stophere,please.
(89)Cleanupyourdesk/theclassroom,please.
(90)It’sclean-uptime./Tidyupyourdesk/theclassroom.
(91)Putyourthingsaway./Cleanoffyourdesk./Pickup
thescraps(pieces).
(92)Cleantheblackboard.
(93)Plugin(接通)thetape-recorder,please.
(94)Putthetape-recorderaway.
(95)Putthetapeinit’sbox/cassette.
(96)Listenandrepeat.(97)Lookandlisten.
(98)Repeatafterme.(99)Followthewords.
(100)Fast./Quickly!/Bequick,please.
(101)Hurry!/Hurryup,please.
(102)Slowdown,please.(103)Slowly.
(104)Bringmesomechalk,please.
10.禁止和警告(Prohibitionandwarning)
(105)Stoptalking./Stoptalkingnow,please.
(106)Don’ttalk./Everybodyquiet,please.(107)Don’t
besilly.(108)Settledown.
11.评价)(Appraisal)
(109)Good,thankyou.
(110)Good/Verygood./Godjob./Goodwork./Good
example.(111)Agoodanswer./Nicework.
(112)Excellent./Great!/Welldone./Verygood./Ilike
thewayyou…(113)That’sinteresting!
(114)Don’tworryaboutit./Noproblem.
(115)OK!/That’sOK.(116)Idon’tthinkso.
(117)That’snotquiteright,anyotheranswers?/That’s
close/That’salmostright.
(118)Notquite,cananyonehelphim/her?/tryagain.
(119)Agoodtry.
12.布置作业(Settinghomework)
(120)Fortoday’shomework…
(121)Practiseafterclass./Practiseathome.
(122)Sayitoutloud,beforeyouwriteitdown.
(123)Copy/Print/Writeeachwordtwice.
(124)Remember(Memorize)thesewords/sentences.
(125)Learnthesewords/thesesentences/thistextbyheart.
(126)Doyourhomework./Dothenextlesson./Dothenewwork.
13.下课(Dismissingtheclass)
(127)Handinyourworkbooks,please.
(128)Timeisup.(129)Thebellisringing.
(130)There’sthebell.(131)Theregoesthebell.
(132)Let’sstophere.(133)That’sallfortoday.
(134)Classisover.
(135)Goodbye./Bye./Seeyounexttime./tomorrow.
(二)话题讲述范例Modeltopics
1、Myfamily/school/class/hometown/friend/Englishteacher/
favouriteseason/sports/food/colour/place/idealjob/
future…
2、IlikeEnglish/singging/sports/playingbasketball…
3、Thisismyfather/friend/school/hometown/room/house/
toybear/computer/…4、Whataretheydoing?
5、Ihadabusy/happy/sad/dull//day/time/evening/
dream/holiday/Christmas/Children’sDay…
6、Ineedyourhelp./Ihaveaproblem.7、Let’sdosth.
8、HowImissyou!9、ThepersonIadmire/respect/miss….
10、Talkaboutaholiday
SamplesSelfintroduction
Sample1
Mynameis….Thereare…eris
heschemistryinseniorhighschool.
chesEnglishinthe
youngerbrother,heisajuniorhighschool
studentandispreparingfortheentranceexam.
mesI
gE-
tion,italsoenlargesmyvocabularywords
becauseoftheadvancedtechnologyandthevividanimations动
画.
IhopetostudybothEnglishandcomputertechnologybecauseI
nedayIcould
combinebothofthemandapplytomyresearchinthefuture.
Sample2
Helloeveryone,reallyagreathonorto
havethisopportunity,andIbelieveIcanmakegoodperformance
20yearsold,
borninGuangdongprovince,southofChina,andIamasenior
ll
receivemybachelor’
pastfouryears,dCET4
andCET6withaeaseandacquired(获取)basictheoreticaland
s,Ihaveattended
severalSpeechcompetitionheldinBeijing,whichreallyshowed
akenatourtosomebig
factoriesandcompanies,throughwhichIgotadeepunderstanding
edtodevelopedcountries,
unfortunately,althoughwehavemadeextraordinaryprogresssince
1998,ourpackagingindustryisstillunderdeveloped,messy(杂
乱)andunstable(不稳定),andthesituationofemployeesinthe
fieldisawkward(笨拙的).ButIhavefullconfidenceinitsbright
futureifonlyoureconomycanbekeptatthegrowthpacestill.
Icanworkhere,character,Icannot
describeitwell,butIknowIamoptimistic(乐观的)andconfident.
SometimesIprefertostayalone,readingandlisteningtothe
music,butIamnotlonely,forIliketochatwithmyclassmates
ritepastime(消遣)istoplay
volleyball,feat
university,
theway,
fewglorious(光彩的)
(三)情景会话Conversations
1、IntroductiosandOpeningConversations
2、Seeingthedoctor3、Shopping
4、Atelephonecall5、Askingforandtellingthe
direction
6、Atabirthdayparty
Samples
1、Makingatelephonecall
A:Hello!
B:Hello!CouldIspeaktoJean?
A:I\'msorryshe\'snotinatthemoment.
B:?
A:Yes,thisisJean\'aveanythingimportantto
tellJean?CanItakeamessageforyou?
B:Tony,Jean\'tellhertobring
ouseittomorrow.
A:ngelse?[5]
B:No,thankyouverymuch,?
A:You\'rewelcome.
2、Askingfordirection
Dale:outellmehowtogettothePalaceMuseum?
Nancy:verwilltellyouwheretoget
off.
Dale:Yes,butI\'mdrivingmyowncar.
Nancy:Oh,thenyoudrivealongthisstreet,turnrightatthe
thirdcrossroad,raightonuntil
youseearoadsignthatsays\"PalaceMuseum\",andthenyoufollow
directyoutothePalaceMuseum.
Dale:Drivealongthisstreet,turnright,turnleft,keep
straight,andthenI\'llseetheroadsign?
Nancy:That\'sright.
Dale:AreyousurethatIwon\'tbumpintoanyone-waystreets?
Nancy:Well,...Idon\'tseeanycar
syourcar?
Dale:?
Nancy:Oh,\'dbettermoveitbeforeapolicemanseesyou
parkingthere.
Dale:Why?Idon\'tseeany\"NoParking\"signs.
Nancy:Butyou\'reparkinginabuszone.
Dale:Herecomesapoliceman.Thankyou,
themuseum?
Nancy:Abouthalfanhour.
Dale:\'vebeenveryhelpful.
Nancy:Hurryup,oryou\'llg鹿和狼的故事原文 etaticket.
3、IntroductiosandOpeningConversations
PeopleintheUnitedStatesdon\'talwaysshakehandswhenthey
r,inaformalorbusiness
situationpeoplealmostalwaysshakehands.
Sample
A:Mary,thisisJoe\'sbrotherDavid.
B:I\'mverygladtomeetyou.
C:It\'sapleasuretomeetyou.
B:HowdoyoulikeTexassofar?
C:It\'sreallydifferentfromwhatIexpected.
B:Don\'\'llgetusedtoitinnotime.
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