final是什么意思al在线翻译读音海词法语

外语更新时间:2025-05-02 01:28:55

去远足的英文翻译英语怎么说-ics频道

2023年4月20日发(作者：歌舞青春3毕业季)
1. What are the four basic personality types, each of which experiences time in a
unique way that affects their communication with others?
• The thinking types: planning, logically plotting issues out through time/
discovering principles and processes for a problem.
• The feeling types: viewing the present through past experiences/ and this
strong association with the past makes change difficult.
• The sensation typ采莲曲王昌龄诗意 es: perceiving time mainly in terms of the present, more
action-oriented/ they are particular competent in dealing with crises and
making immediate decisions.
• The intuitive types谨慎: viewing time primarily in terms of the future/ they
feel they must change the world to realize their visions of the future.

2. What is verbal communication? What is non-verbal communication?
Verbal communication: \"Communication with the use of words.\"
Non-verbal communication: \"Communication without the use of words.\"
Comparing verbal and nonverbal communication
Important differences between verbal and nonverbal communication:
• Verbal：structured, linguistic and clear
• Nonverbal：unstructured, nonlinguistic and ambiguous.
• Verbal: conscious, discontinuous, acquired and controllable
• Non-verbal: subconscious, continuous, natural and uncontrollable

3. What is the relationship between value and culture?

4. What is the importance of appropr千军万马打一生肖 iate etiquette and protocol in intercultural
business communication?
etiquette & protocol: quality of excellence, details, employment, quality of life,
negotiation, company image and reputation, success, profit, career, manner. (to
increase the quality of life in the workpl孟仲季 ace, to contribute to optimum employee
morality, to establish the company image, to play a major role in generating profit.)

The \"rules\" of etiquette are based on: Consideration, Common sense,
Recognition of the usual and the social customs and mores of the society in which we
live or work.
Note: The recognition of particular customs is particularly troublesome in the
intercultural communication. Actions based on goodwill alone can be misinterpreted
as hostile or demeaning.

5. What is the relationship between language and culture?
1) The influence of culture on language
1. Language as a reflection of the environment
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In Chinese, only one word for 骆驼.
In Arabic, over 400 words for a variety of 骆驼.
Eskimos use different words for \"snow\".
The Chinese and Japanese have a variety of words for \"rice\" and \"tea\".
Connotational meanings varies due to different geographical environment:
English word \"zephyr\" connotates the same meaning as \"东风\" in Chinese.
2. Language as a reflection of values
In Chinese, there is an elaborate system of kinship terms.
In Japan (high power distance culture), titles are always used.
Navajos do not have a word for \"late\" because they don\'t have a sense of time.
2) The influence of language on culture
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis — language tends to influence our perception, serve as a
guide to social reality.
In Navaho, there is no distinction between horse and horses or between
his/her/its/their
Note:
Learning a foreign language means more than just mastering the pronunciation,
grammar, words, and also means to learn to see the world as native
speakers of that language, the ways in which their language reflect the ideas,
cuatoms and behavior of their society, etc.
Therefore, culture has an impact on language at various level, phonetic. lexical,
syntactic, pragmatic and discourse.

6. Are there any differences between grammatical rules and pragmatic rules?
What are they?
pragmatic (sociolinguistic) rules
Social behavior ：social rules
Speech behavior：socialinguistic rules or rules of speaking
Socialinguistic or pragmatic transfer — Use of rules of speaking across
speech community.
Pragmatic failure — Inability to understand what is meant by what is said
and is caused by pragmatic transfer.
Pragmatic failure usually results in more serious problems than grammatical
errors.

7. How does paralanguage a相守一生爱情八字句子 ffect th辛弃疾的西江月夜行黄沙道中 e meanings we ascribe to a message? Use one
example to support your answer.
It involves sounds but not words, lying between verbal and nonverbal
communication. It is divided into 3 categories:
• Vocal qualifiers （语音修饰特征）
• Vocalization （元音化/浊音化）
• Silence
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Vocal qualifiers （语音修饰特征）—— volume, pitch, rhythm, tempo, resonance,
tone
Vocalization （元音化/浊音化）
• Non-word noises \"un-huh, oooh, mmmh, etc.\"
• Language fillers \"okay, you know\".
• \"Oops\" — used to show recognition of a mistake or minor accident, often as
part of an apology.
\"Oops! I\'m sorry. I just made you miss your bus!\"
• Used as connectors of ideas, to indicate that sb. is ready to speak or that more
time is needed to think things over.
Silence
• In low-context cultures, people usually view silence as communication gone
wrong and generally are uncomfortable with silence
• In high-context cultures, people consider silence an integral part of business
and social discourse, rather than a failure of communication

8. In gift-giving practices, what role does it play in intercultural relation?
Be aware whether gift-giving is culturally sensitive. The careful selection and
wrapping of a gift and presenting it at the proper time with proper manners conveys to
others your social sensitivity and good manners.
A well-intentioned gift might result in embarrassment or hatred among people of
different cultures. Giving an inappropriate gift or one that is culturally insensitive can
cause serious harm to a business relationship.
Where gift-giving matters: Japan (highly important), Middle East(Important but
not fatal), Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe (more as a courtesy),
Australia, Canada, US, Uk, Northern and Southern European countries (not important
in B).

9. What are the potential problems that might arise in Intercultural Business
Communication?
a. Avoidance of the unfamiliar (Birds of a feather flock together.)
b. Uncertainty of reduction (Reduce the uncertainty in every meeting with
strangers from different cultures.)
c. Withdrawal (Withdrawal from the communication event)
d. Stereotyping (Mentally organize your experiences and guides your behavior toward
a particular group og people.)
e. Prejudice (Rigid and irrational generalization about a group)
f. Racism (Superior because of color of skin.)
g. Misuse of power (Handle the power incorrectly to control people or things))
h. Cultural shock (Anxiety from losing all familiar signs.)
i. Ethnocentrism (Yo拽怎么读 ur own culture is correct.)

10. Why do we need to communicate with 采菊东篱下暗示什么 people?
 Survival
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 Co-operation
 Personal needs
 Relationship
 Persuasion
 Power
 Social needs
 Information
 Making sense of the world树荫照水爱晴柔的意思
 Self-expression

11. What’s the definition of culture?
Dictionary: \"the arts and other manifestations of human inte描写春天的诗句有什么 llectual achievement
regarded collectively\". Artifact, concepts, behavior
Anthropological perspective: \"the customs, civilizations, and achievements of a
particular time or people\".
Most widely accepted: \"total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors,
institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned
and
passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of
people.\"

12. What’s the difference between protocol and etiquette?
Protocol: \"the customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic formality, precedence
and etiquette\" (外交礼节）
Etiquette: \"conventional requirements as to proper social behavior\" （礼仪）
Chaney and Martin: Etiquette refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in
social and business situations. Protocol refers to customs and regulations dealing with
diplomatic etiquette and courtesies expected in official dealings (such as negotiations)
with persons in various cultures\"
Nan Leaptrotte: Protocol is what to do in a given situation. Etiquette is how to do it
gracefully
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