水鞋的英文译语怎么说

外语更新时间:2025-04-30 23:19:27

CYN是什么意思在线翻译读音例句-eachtime

2023年4月20日发(作者：青山黛玛歌词)翻译英语句子方法
由于英汉两种语言在积句成篇的规则和习惯上的差异，翻译时往
往要对原语句子进行分。分的基本原则是以命题所构成的主谓结构为
单位。下面小编就跟你们详细介绍下翻译英语句子方法，希望对你们
有用。
翻译英语句子方法如下：
其基本过程是：将原文分成一个个命题，并将命题重新组成主谓
结构小句来翻译成译语，并按译语积句成篇的规则加以整合。分之后，
尤其要注意分出来的各个小句之间的逻辑关系，在翻译表达时，用译
语的约束机制进行积句成篇。
英语分时可以按下列标记进行：限定动词，从句标志词，非谓语
动词，独立主格，介词短语，形容词和副词浪淘沙其八古诗 (主要是小品副词和adj+ly
副词)。
汉语分时可以按动词、形容词、介词来分。
名家翻译
(1)(a)She was small and slight in person; (b)pale, (c)sandy-
haired, and (d)with eyes habitually cast down: (e)when they
looked up (f)they were very large, (g)odd, and (h)attractive, (i)so
attractive, (j)that the Reverend Mr. Crisp, (k)fresh from Ox ford,曾经沧海难为水现实意义
and (l)curate (m)to the Vicar of Chiswick, (n)the Reverend Mr.
Flowerdew, (o)fell in love with Miss Sharp. (W.M. Thackeray:Vanity
Fair)
(a)她身量瘦小，(b)脸色苍白，(c)头发是淡黄色的。(d)她惯常低
眉垂目，(e)抬起眼来看人的时候，(g)眼睛显得很特别，(f)不但大，(h)
而且动人。(n)契息克的弗拉沃丢牧师(m)手下有一个副牧师，(l)名叫
克里斯波，(k)刚从牛津大学毕业，(j)竟(i)因此(o)爱上了她。
译析：原文为一句，可分出15个命题。译文也也保留了15个命
题，因此，保持了原文的内容的完整性，译文分成三个句子，主要信
息命题句(a-e和o)保持原文顺序。试比较：修改后的译文。

(a)她身量瘦小，(b)脸色苍白，(c)头发是淡黄色的。(d)她惯常低
眉垂目，(e)抬起眼来看人的时候，(f)眼睛显得很大，(g)很特别，(h)
很动人，(i)动人得(j)就连克里斯波牧师也(o)爱上了她。克里斯波(l)是
(n)契息克的弗拉沃丢牧师(m)手下的一个副牧师，(k)刚从牛津大学毕
业。
(2)(a)A fearful man, (b)all in coarse grey, (c)with a great iron
on his leg. (d)A man with no hat, and (e)with (f)broken shoes, and
(g)with an old rag tied round his head. (h)A man who had been
soaked in water, and (i)smothered(j) in mud, and (k)lamed by
stones, and (l)cut by flints, and (m)stung by nettles, and (n)torn
by briars; (o)who limped, and (p)shivered, and (q)glared and
(r)growled; and (s)whose teeth chattered in his head (t)as he
seized me by the chin.(Charles Dickens: Expectations)
(a)好一个可怕的人！(b)穿一身灰色粗布衣服，(c)腿上拴一副大铁
镣。(d惊异的意思 )头上也不戴一顶帽子，(g)只裹着一块破布，(f)一双鞋子破烂不
堪。(h)他刚在水里泡过，(j)满头满脸都是烂泥，(i)闷得他透不过气来；
(k)两条腿给乱石堆子绊得一瘸一拐，(l)给碎石片儿划出一条条创痕，
(m)给荨麻戳得疼痛难挨，(n)给荆棘扯得皮开肉裂；(o)走起来高一脚
低一脚，(p)一边走一边抖，(q)又瞪眼又(r)咆哮。他赶过来，(t)一手抓
住我的下巴，(s)一口牙齿捉对儿厮打。（王科一译）
译析：此段有三个非主谓句，特点是：定语+名词(+定语)。这种
句式起环境烘托的作用，汉译时一般采用分法和移位法，将英语 “定
语+中心词”结构译为汉语描写句句式：主语+描写性谓语。
举一反三
一、分原则
分法的总原则是分后各个小句能保持原语顺序尽量保持。如果因
保持原语顺序而导致不符合译语语法习惯或意思不明时，则必须加以
移位。
二、分技巧
(一)英译汉

1.单词分
1)名词分成句子
(1)A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell
leaving a rifle.
我离开那个单人掩体速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的
子弹一样。
(2) Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm
wrinkles the soul.
岁月悠悠，肌肤易衰老；热忱消却，灵魂更易颓唐。
2)形容词或定语分为句
形容词或定语分为句的原则：
英语：adj+NP
汉语： NP(， (这)(NP)是＋)adj+(的)。
(1)I returned home, and suffered all the afternoon; suffered
all through an unconscious and unrefreshing dinner.
我回到家里，折腾了整个下午；折腾了整个晚餐，晚餐无滋无味，
了无感觉。
(2) There were the same mountains and the same lovely
valley at their feet.
山还是那些山，山脚下，谿还是那条谿，依然那么秀美。
翻译赏析
In the garden the sparrow chants—a desultory second
courtship, a subdued passion, in keeping with the great heat, love
in summertime, relaxed and languorous.
花园里，麻雀啾啾——仿佛是再度寻爱，懒心无肠；仿佛是盛夏
才有的情愫，热而不烈；仿佛是夏日之爱，让人轻松，也让人倦慵。
译析：原句中desultory和subdued作定语，汉译时移位于谓语，
从而分成小句来翻译。同时采用易格而译的技巧通过增益“放佛”将
原文破折号后的暗喻译为明喻。3)小品副词或派生副词adj+ly分为句：
英语小品副词和修饰整个句子的副词，汉译时可以按下列规则分

成句子。
小品副词分格式：
英语：NP+小品副词
汉语：NP+谓语
Adj+ly副词分格式：
英语：(1)adj+ly+S +…V…(=It is (was) adj that S+V)
汉语：1) S＋V (，(这/那)是＋)adj+(的)。
2)无主句,＋S＋V。
3)形容词+“的”是＋S＋V
描写性派生副词分格式：
英语：S+V...adj+ly
汉语：主语+谓语, 名词+adj
(1)My head kept humming, “A blue trip slip for an eight-
cent fare, a buff trip slip for a six-cent fare,” and so on and so
on, without peace or respite.
脑海里不断地轰鸣着“蓝色票，八分钱；黄色票，六分钱，” 如
此反复，从不间断，没有片刻的安宁，没有片刻的稍息。
(2)No judgment can be rightly formed either of my method
or of the discoveries to which it leads, by means of anticipations
(that is to say, of the reasoning which is now in use); since I cannot
be called on to abide by the sentence of a tribunal which is itself
on trial.
用臆测(即现行的推理)来对我的方法或者由此得出的发现加以评判，
那是不恰当的暗香盈袖是表达什么；因为一个自身正在接受审判的法庭，是不能强迫我去
服从它所做出的判决。
(3)Amelia took the news very palely and calmly.(William,
Makepeace Thackeray:Vanity Fair)
爱米利亚得信的时候，颜色九九重阳节有什么意义苍白，样子倒很镇静。
拓展练习1
翻译下列句子，注意斜体字词的分。

(1)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
(2)The first is (the ambition)of those who desire to extend
their own power in their native country, a vulgar and degenerate
kind (of ambition).
(3)They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
(4) Constitutionally, Putin was to offer up a progress report
at this yearly address.
(5)We cannot politely turn down their invitation.
(6)Japan tries vainly to blame us for the breakdown of the
China-Japan relations.
2.非谓语短语分法
1)分词短语分成句子
分词分理据与原则：英语中任何分词都可以找到其逻辑主语，这
样，逻辑主语和分词便构成一个主谓结构。这个主谓位结构翻译成汉
语自然就构成了句子。
分词短语分原则：
英语：(逻辑主语)… ＋分词短语(V＋ing, V+ed)
汉语：(逻辑主语)… ＋动词短语。
(1) I was a mile from Thornfield, in a lane noted for wild roses
in summer,for nuts and blackberries in autumn,and even now
possessing a coral treasures in hips and haws.
我此时离桑菲尔德还有一英里的路程，正走在一条小径上，这条
小径夏天以野蔷薇闻名，秋天以坚果和黑莓著称，即使是现在，小径
上也还长有一些珊瑚珍宝般的野蔷薇果和山楂。
(2)The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him,
and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him
at the entrance of the two roads——one leading to a peaceful,
sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and resounding with soft,
sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was
endless, where poison flowed instead of water and where devils

and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled.
青春年华如梦一般浮现眼前，老人想起了人生的关键时刻，他的
父亲将他放在人生岔路口：一条通往祥和明媚的地方，那里花香果甜，
歌声婉转；一条通向黑暗幽深的洞穴，那里深不可测，到处毒液横流，
不见清水，四处恶魔肆虐，毒蛇嘶嘶爬行。
翻译赏析
For everyone (besides the errors common to human nature
in general) has a cave or den of his own, which refracts and
disco水经注孟门山原文及翻译 lors the light of nature, owing either to his own proper and
peculiar nature; or to his education and conversation with others;
or to the reading of books, and the authority of those whom he
esteems and admires; or to the differences of impressions,
accordingly as they take place in a mind preoccupied and
predisposed or in a mind indifferent and settled; or the
like.(Francis Bacon)
因为每一个人(人性共有的错误除外)都有自己的洞穴，从而扭曲改
变自然的本色，这要么归咎于他固有的特性，要么归咎于他所受的教
育程度以及与他人的社会交往；或者是归咎于他所阅读的书籍以及他
所尊敬钦佩的权威；或者是归咎于因人而异的印象：有的人心有成见、
胸中有数；有的人冷漠麻木、冥顽不化等等。(分词和形容词分为句)
译析：句中which为关系词，译为“这”指代中心词，四个
(owning) to 介词短语易为动词与“refracts and discolors the light
of nature”搭配，从而分出四个小句“要么......要么......;或者......或
者......”。句中分词和形容词preoccupied, predisposed，indifferent
和settled与mind分别分成四个小句。
拓展练习2
翻译下列句子，注意斜体字词的分。
(1) In sciences fo关于爱情的句子伤感 unded on opinions and dogmas, the use of
anticipations and logic is good; for in them the object is to
command assent to the proposition, not to master the thing.

(2)What seems to come nearest to one is that of the
waterspouts, often seen in the voyage over the Atlantic Ocean
toward either of the Indies.
(3)Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out
darkness and choking the shadows.
2)同位语名词短语分成句子
同位语分的理据与原则：英语中本位语和同位语可以是名词(短语)
也可以是句子；但翻译时要把同位语分成句子，同位语必须是一个带
有定语的名词短语或句子，这样同位语才能分成句子。图示如下：
同位语短语分成句：
英语： NP1(S) (“，”、“――”、“：”、“namely, that is,
vz.”) +attr+NP2+(attr).
汉语： NP1(S), (这/所谓)(NP1(S))是＋attr+NP2+(的)。
(3)The last time I tried to purify myself by fire, I managed to
acquire a zoo in the process and am still supporting it and
carrying heavy pails of water to the animals, a task that is
sometimes beyond my strength.
上一次想法用火烧来净化自己时，我总算弄到了一登楼个动物园，至
今都还维持着那个动物园，挑着沉重的水桶给动物喂水，这活儿有时
还真让我吃不消。
翻译赏析
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is pressing Congress to lift
cold war trade restrictions on Russia, a country Romney has
labeled America’s “No. 1 geopolitical foe.”
美国商会正在向国会施压要求解除对俄罗斯的冷战式贸易限制，
而罗姆尼却给俄罗斯贴上了“第一地缘政治敌人”的标签。
译析：a country Romney has labeled America’s “No. 1
geopolitical foe.”是其Russsia的同位语，翻译时分为小句，同时增
益连接词“而”。
3)介词短语分成句子