生来的英文译语怎么说

fir是什么意思在线翻译读音例句-学生成长故事

2023年4月19日发(作者：ui培训班) 翻译概论
Warming-up exercises: Translate the
followings
1 You are what you think
2 Your abilities count, but the belief that you
can succeed affects whether or not you will.
3 It’s a pattern of thinking learned at your
mother’s knee.
I翻译的定义
ation is the replacement of textual
material in one language by equivalent
textual material in another language. 246810打一成语即 “将
一种语言的篇章材料替换为与之对等的另
一种语言的篇章材料”。
翻译是运用一种语言把用另一种语言文字
所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达
出来的语言活动。它是一门科学，具有描述
性；同时它也是一门艺术，因为它具有创造
性。
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II翻译原则或标准：严复理论
1 信(truthfulness/faithfulness)：忠实原文（对
原文的思想不歪曲也不要任意增减；对原文
的风格不随意改动，即粗糙的不译成高雅，
口语体不译成书面体）
2 达(expressiveness)：语言通顺畅达（译文
应该按照译语的语法和习惯来遣词造句；译
文避免生搬硬套，应该通顺流畅）
Eg . John can be relied on. He eats no fish and
plays the game.
约翰值得信赖。他忠诚而正直(守规矩)。
3 雅(elegance)：文字古雅 / 切（closeness）
总之，做英译汉时，按中国人的说话思维方
式，把内容用通俗的汉语顺畅地表达出来；
反之亦然。
1. It therefore becomes more an小儿诗歌大全100首幼儿园 d more
important that, if students are not to waste
their opportunities, there will have to have
much more detailed information about
courses and more advice.
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2. People were afraid to leave their houses,
for although the police had been ordered to
stand by in case of emergency, they were just
as confused and helpless as everybody else.
1. 因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大
学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程
的更为详细的信息，作更多的指导。这个显
得越来越重要了。
2. 尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付
紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察和其
他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
III翻译的过程
1理解阶段: 是表达的先决条件
1)了解语言现象: Peter is now with his
parents in Beijing; it has already three years
since he was a pop singer.
...不唱流行歌已有三年了
2)理解逻辑关系 You are late for the last time.
你被解雇了或者不可能再迟到了.
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3)理解原文所涉及的事物 The elevato盈盈一水间的盈盈是什么意思 r boys
ooze（流出，渗透出） the spit and polish of
West Point cadets and in polite English remind
you that you must not smoke inside their lift.
开电梯的人像西点军校的学生一样衣着整
洁，劲头十足。。。
2表达阶段：把自己对原文的理解用本族语
重新表达出来。
1) 充分表达 Reports of new successes keep
pouring in. 捷报频传// He sold hard-to -get
items.他经销紧俏商品。
2）直译和意译：能直译时不要意译; 需要
直译和意译结合时，在直译的基础上意译。
a. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy ,
three boys no boy.意译
b. Strike the iron while it is hot.直译
c. John was upsetting the other children, so I
showed him the door.直译+意译
约翰一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵
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了出去。
形式对等翻译与动态对等翻译：前者着眼于原
文，后者用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原
语的信息
The streets were completely deserted and
everything stood in crumbling（坍塌） ruins.
街道上空无一人（阒无人迹）,到处都是断垣
残壁.
3)校对阶段（proofread）：是理解与表达的
进一步深化。
IV 翻译技巧: 1) 分清主次 2) 遣词用字 3)
词字的增添 4) 词字的省略 5) 词类及句子
成分的转换 6) 结构的调整 7) 语态变化 8)
正反交替 9) 长句切分
V翻译的方法或策略: 直译和意译
什么是直译和意译
1）直译(literal translation)（偏重于原文字
句）与意译(free translation)（根据原文的大
意）；前者强调语言的共性，后者来自语言
的差异
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所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可的时
候，在译文中既能保持原文的思想内容，又
尽可能保持与原文语言形式相对应的形式。
这并不是对原文逐字对译的死译，而是指在
忠实原文思想内容的同时，保持原文的语言
特色，即忠实地传达深层结构的同时，又能
再现表层结构的风格。
例如: be armed to teeth, chain reaction,
crocodile tears , win-win 这些直译出来汉语
对应原文的字面意思,保留了原文的生动形
象. 汉语中一些特有事物也可以按字面意思
译成英语. 例如: 三教九流 (the three
religions and the nine schools of thought), 四
书五经(the Four Books and the Five Classics )
一国两制(one country, two systems))
意译，如果用原文语言形式相对应的译文语
言形式不能忠实地传达原文的思想内容的
时候，就要保持原文的思想内容，而不完全
保持与原文语言想对应的语言形式。这不是
指偏离原作的含义，甚至完全脱离原作思想
内容的乱译。忠实传递深层结构的同时，不
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完全再现原文表层结构的风格。
例如: Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it ?
船到桥头自然直。
Do you see any green in my eye ? 你觉得我
幼稚可欺吗？
(你以为我是好欺侮的吗？)
望子成龙 (long to see one’s son succeed in
life)
破釜沉舟(burn one’s boats)
直译和意译的相对性
由于英，汉两种语言在表达方式，用法习惯
等方面存在较大的差异，对于同一语句，译
者会面临直译和意译的选择。直译时尽量保
持原作的语言形式，包括措辞，句子结构，
比喻手段等，同时要求语言流畅，意思明确；
意译则从意义出发，不注重原作语言形式和
细节，只求将原文大意表达出来，译文能自
然流畅，通顺达意即可。
例如: Kill two birds with one stone 直译:
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一石二鸟. 意译: 一箭双雕或一举两得
可见, 直译和意译是一个相对的概念
译例分析
1. Little fish does not eat big fish.
2. A gift is the key to open the door closed
against you.
3. Every life has its rose and thorn.
4. During the old car race, the drivers spent
more time under their cars than in them.
5. He had about as much chance of getting a
job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.
(直译: 他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市
长的机会差不多大)
(意译: 他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微)
6. Go to law for a sheep, and you lose a cow。
(直译:为一只羊打官司, 你就会失去一头
牛。）
（意译：因小失大）
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7. Where there is a will， there is a way。
8. as strong as a horse
9. The best answer is to roll up your sleeves
and do the job yourself.
（求人不如求己）
10. They have consistently found that
women favor signs of earning capacity over
good looks. For sheer sex appeal, a doughly
bald guy in a blue blazer and Rolex will
outscore a stud in a Burger King uniform
almost every time. Power, it seems, really is
the ultimate aphrodisiac.
直译: 他们经常发现,女人偏爱赚钱能力的
迹象甚于好看的外貌. 就纯粹的性吸引力而
言, 一个穿蓝色名牌服装,戴劳力士手表, 身
体像发了酵面团似的秃顶男人, 其得分几乎
次次都会超过一个身穿汉堡王工装服的情
种. 看来,经济实力才是真正最棒的催情药.
意译: 所有的结果一致表明, 相对于长相好
的男人而言, 女人更喜欢会赚钱的男人. 那
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些衣着华丽看上去有权势但长相丑陋的男
人往往比那些长相漂亮但没有权势的男人
更能赢得女人的青睐. 看来正真吸引女性的
是权利.
以上例句不难发现:,意译不拘泥原句语言形
式和字面意思, 而是对其含义加以概括与揭
示,言简意赅,兰花诗句最出名一首诗但多少给人一种得其意而失
其味的感觉; 近的拼音直译跟原句用词大体对应,基
本上保留了原句的诙谐和幽默,含蓄风趣的
意味. 可见, 直译和意译各具特色,互见短长,
所以翻译工作者酌情考虑.
Eg Human beings have distinguished
themselves from other animals, and in doing
so ensured their survival, by the ability to
observe and understand their envi五年级上册《己亥杂诗》 ronment
and then to adapt to that environment or to
control and adapt it to their own needs.
人类通过观察和了解她们的环境, 进而适应
环境或者控制和改造环境, 使之适应自身需
要的能力, 将自己与其他动物区别开来,这
样就确保了她们的生存.
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Eg. But we remember with greater pain that
we did not see that beauty when it flowered,
that we failed to respond with love when it
was tendered.
然而我们更加痛苦地回想起, 在那种美达到
极致的时候, 我们没有发现它, 在有人对我
们付出爱心的时候我们没能以爱做出回应.
在翻译实践中，还会遇到这样的语句，其结
构非常简单，用词很常见，其含义并不隐晦，
可是你想将其直译出来却不自然，非得意
译。
Task 3 Exercise
1 Make it a habit to remember your best self,
the one that you want to be。
2 When things go wrong, the pessimist tends
to blame himself. “I am no good at this,” he
says, “I always fail.”
3 Gardens are not made by singing “Oh, how
beautiful ’ and sitting in the shade。
4 Being a teacher is being 题乌江亭翻译及赏析 present at the
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creation, when the clay begins to breathe.
5 It seems as though there has been nothing
quite as good since—but that’s only because
you have grown out of children’s books.
6 Everybody knows that John lost his shirt
when the business he had invested is failed.
7 The operation may not succeed; it’s a
gamble whether he lives or dies.
8 We mean finding a sense of peace and
strength to deal with life’s disappointments
and pain while always striving to discover
vehicles to make more accessible, increase,
and sustain the joys and delights of life.
9 She would never believe anything in
trousers.
10 Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of
mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips
and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a
quality of the imagination; a vigor of the
emotions; it is the deep spring of life。
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1. 应该养成一个习惯：即记住自己最美好的
时刻，也就是记住你想做的那种人。
2. 当（事情）出了问题时，悲观者总是责怪
自己，对自己说“我这方面不行，”“我总
是失败”。
3. 花园并不是悠闲地赞叹一句“啊，多美
呀”，坐在树荫下就能轻轻松松建好的。
4. 当一名教师就意味着目睹上帝造人的过
程，目睹用泥土捏成的人体开始呼吸。
5.从那时起似乎再也没有能和它们媲美的书
了--不过这也可能因为人们不让你再读儿童
书籍了。
6. 人人知道约翰的资产在他投资的事业失
败时，全都赔光了。
7. 手术不一定成功，能否保住他的性命，只
能一赌。
8.我们的意思是要寻找平和感和力量感去对
付生活中的失意和痛苦，同时坚持不懈地努
力去发现能增添更多生活乐趣和喜悦并加
以维持的方法。
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9. 他再也不相信任何男人了。
10. 青春不只是一段年华，而是一种心境。
它不是粉颊，红唇，柔膝。是意气恢弘，情
感勃发，是人生暮年的一种心旷神怡。
（青春不是年华，而是一种心态；青春的表
现不在于满面红光，嘴唇红润，腿脚灵便，
而在于意志的坚强，想象力的丰富，感情的
充沛，青春是生命之深泉的清澈常新。）
Exs: Translate
1。人工智能 2。公务员 3。速食 4。视而不见 5。颠倒
黑白 right into the traps hands make light
work. 8. More haste, less speed of sight, out of mind.
a person a dose of his own medicine.
11. So traditionally poisonous are relations between the two
women that Hindus refer to feigned sorrow-----what in the
West is called crocodile tears------as “a daughter-in-law
mourning her dead mother-in-law”.
Answers:人工智能artificial intelligence, 公务员public
servants, 速食instant food 视而不见turn a blind eye to,
颠倒黑白talk black into white, 自投罗网walk right into the
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traps, 人多好办事Many hands make light work. 欲速则不达
More haste, less speed. 眼不见心不烦Out of sight, out of
mind. 以其人之道，还治其人之身Give a person a dose of his
own medicine.
So traditionally poisonous are relations between the two
women that Hindus refer to feigned sorrow-----what in the
West is called crocodile tears------as “a daughter-in-law
mourning her dead mother-in-law”.
由于婆媳之间的关系历来就是这等恶劣，所以印度人常用
“儿媳妇哭婆婆”这句话来比喻假慈悲―――等于西方人所说
的“鳄鱼的眼泪”。

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