favored是什么意思ored的用法读音典

1

专业英语短语：

Extractedfrom“Hydrogelsfor

proteindeliveryintissueengineering”

Causedby；

Presentenormouschallengesin；

Leadto；

Thecombinationof…and；

Providesanoverviewof；

Beproposedto；

Haveremarkablerelevance关联；

Anoutlookonfuturedirections；

Beprovided;

Anintroductionto;

Proteinreleasestrategiesfrom;

Controlleddrugdelivery;

Hasseenrapidadvances;

Inallfieldsofpharmaceuticalandbiomedical

sciences;

withtheadvent(到来)ofprotein

therapeutics;

Becamemoreurgent；

Theneedfor；

Wheresupplyofbimolecularcues；

Mimictheenvironmentofnaturaltissues；

Promotethecommunication；

Aimsat；

Haveemergedasparticularlypromising

materialsfor;

Canactbothas…and/or;

Inacontrolledfashion;

Thismini-reviewbrieflydescribes;

Afterhighlightingtherationale(基本原理)

for;

Involvedinhealingprocesses;

Strategiesforencapsulation;

Arealsodiscussed;

Hydrogel-based;

Withpotentialclinicalimpact;

Areoutlined(概述)；

Arehighlyinfluencedby;

Interactionswith

Thesurroundingmicroenvironment

Createaneffectivecommunication

between…and;

Leadsto;

Identifiedaskeycomponentsof;

Playapivotalrolein忧心忡忡是什么意思 关键;

Aredifficultto

Itiscurrentlywidelyacceptedthat

Theself-healingcapacityof

Canbeaugmentedby

Bytheintegrationof

Accelerate

Promotethere-growth

,owingtotheirshorthalf-lives

Hasahalf-lifeofonly3min/hasahalflifeof

Lessthan2min

…,thatmodulate;

Unlikeotherproteins(es),…;

Tomention,…

Similarly,

Areneededtodo;

,isolatedfromplatelets,

Theexogenousadministrationofgrowth

factors;

Facesimportantlimitations

Associatedto

Theirpoortransdermaladsorption

Arefrequentlyusedto

Todirecttheproteinspecificallytothewound

site;

Inacontrolledandeffectivemanner;

Spatiotemporalcontroloverthedeliveryof

Notonly…,butalso

Butalsoprevents

Unwantedandpotentiallyharmfulside-effects

atotherlocationsthanthetarget;

Havebeeninvestigatedto;

Occursthrough

Via

Areembeddedin

Isbasedonacombinationofmechanisms

Relyon

Aresecretedby

Thatareencapsulatedin

2

Inthefollowingsection

Willbediscussed

Canbeloadedinto

Canbephysicallyentrappedin

Beadsorbedto

Combinationofmultipledeliverysystems

Dependingonthereleasemechanism

Differentreleaseprofilescanbeobtained

Table2overviews

Inordertoobtain

Physicalencapsulationofgrowthfactors

Isafrequentlyappliedtechniquefor

Inrecentyears,

Attentionisshiftedtoinsitugellingsystems

Atthesiteofinjection

Typically,themech小学生作文 anismsthatgovernthe

drugreleasefromthesehydrogelsare

controlledbydiffusion,swelling,erosion,

externalstimuliorcombinationsthereof[43]

Dependsonboth…and

Generallyspeaking,

Themajorityofthegelmatrices

FollowingHiguchi\'skinetics,

Implyingthatthereleaseisproportionalto

thesquarerootoftime

Thisreleaseprofile

Wasdemonstratedparticularlybeneficialfor

Demonstratedthat

Wasreleaseddownaconcentrationgradient

Provedeffectivenotonly…,butalso

Isgovernedby

,resultingin

Asaconsequence因此,

Polymerdisentanglement(解缠)and

dissolution

Increasedinnumber

Inthesesystems

Themobilityofthedrug迁移率

Islimited

Isthengovernedby

Thedegradationrateofthepolymer,porosity

increase,anddrugdiffusion

Mainlyinthesurfaceof

Thepossibilitytotailorthereleasekineticsof

Canbeachievedthrough

Bychanging

Inthisparticularinstance例子,

Isextremelyadvantageousbecause

Offertheopportunityto

Canbetailored

Tosomeextent

Bychanging

Extensiveworkonthedevelopmentofhybrid

networks,inwhichnaturalpolymersare

syntheticallymodifiedorcombinedwith

syntheticpolymers,

Hasbeenproposedto

Withrespectto关于、至于

Intermsof

Biodegradabilityaswellasbiocompatibility

andcytocompatibility

Generally,thebiggeristhedevice,thelonger

thediffusiondistancesbecomeandthelonger

thereleaseconsequentlylasts

Utilizedintissueengineering

Adjustsurfacearea

Modulatereleaseprofiles

Deviationfromthedescribedrelease

behaviors

Forinstance

Hydrogelsswellorshrinkinresponsetoa

certaintriggerthereby从而modulatingthe

releaseofencapsulateddrugs/proteins

Amongthevarioussyntheticpolymers,

Playaprominentrole.

Investigatedthefeasibilityof

Forthispurpose,

Weresynthesized

Formedby

Transectedwith转染

Incontrolcultureconditions

Becausetheyofferseveralbenefits,

including…

Forinstance,

Aredictatedby口述

Altersnetworkdegradationrates改变

Applyto

,likethosebasedon

3

Wereprocessable可加工的

Itwasshownthatuponsubcutaneous

injection(ratmodel)thehydrogelswere

stableforonemonth.

Wasloadedinto

Usedasaslowreleasingdrugreservoir容器

Aimedforwoundhealingpurposes

Wereobserved

Withnoinitialburstandagoodcorrelation

关联withinvivodata,

,thatconfirmed

Aweightgaininhypophysectomized垂体切

除术ratsequivalenttoconventionaldaily

injectionsof5mgpGHfor14consecutive连

续的days

Releasedovera12-dayperiodandsimilarly

topGH,

,showedsimilarefficacy功效inratsas

ions

Proteinsarereleasedfromthisnetworkby

Fickia痛苦的拼音 ndiffusion

Canbetailoredbytuning调试

Showedagoodbiocompatibilityin

Theirpotentialfor

Hasbeendemonstrated

WasintroducedbyZhangetal.

Consistof

Areabletospontaneouslyself-assemble（vi）

into

Thatareneededforthepeptideassembly组装

aresequestered(分开)from

Thedescribedfamilyofpeptides

Theobservedslowandcontrolledreleaseof

hasbeenascribedtodiffusion归因于

Amphiphilicnature两亲性ofthe

self-assemblingpolypeptide

Leadstointeractionswith

,resultingin

Showeddegradationmediated(…调制的)

releaseofmodelproteins

Thatpotentiallycanbeusedtophysically

encapsulateandreleasegrowthfactorswith

zeroorderreleasekinetics

Inclusioncomplexes包含配合物

Havealsobeeninvestigatedfor

,reversiblycrosslinkedby可逆地

Thepolymerformingthehydrogelisbased

on

Functionalizedwith…功能化

Theadditionof…

Bepartlybroken,

Comprising包括、包含

Werestudiedfor

Istriggeredby

Capableofdegrading

Theyinfluencecellbehavior

Weredevelopedwiththeaimto

Mimic模仿thenaturalprocesses

Involvedintissuerepair

UsePEGasthemainbuildingblock

Ithasbeenshowntoactas

Inthepresenceof

Thebenefitsofthisapproach

Showeda50%increaseinperfusionto灌注

到thefeetascomparedtountreatedmice

,indicatingthat

Hasitselfabeneficialhealingorsupportive

effect

,actingsynergistically协同地asadirective

指导性的scaffoldandagrowthfactor

deliveryvehicle

Displaymultiple多重的advantagesover

Withrespectto

Isavailableon对…有效

Inregenerativemedicine

Themainclasses（类别）of

Aretherefore因此verysuitablefor

Aimedfor

Representativesof

Arebrieflydiscussedbelow

Withrespectto

Linearpolysaccharide

Composedof

Linked

Indifferentsequences序列orblocks块、区

位

So-called

Arrangement

4

Arethereforeparticularlyappealingfor吸引

力

Prolonged延长的

Somelimitationsin

Tailoringthemechanicalproperties

Remain

Toovercome

Studieitspotentialto

Induceangiogenesis血管生成invivo

Cross-linkable成型的

Affinity-binding密切关系

Itwasshownthat

Bypartialcross-linkinginpresenceofCaCl

2

,asdescribedfor

Combinetheadvantageousproperties优点

of

,derivedfrom

Ofwhichthemechanicalpropertieswere

notably显著地improvedby

Provedeffectivein

Inanotherstudy,

Werecovalentlymodifiedwith

Werelyophilizedtoform

Microporousscaffolds多微孔的

Induceneovascularization新的

Itwasobservedthat

Wereviable可行的

Duringthestudiedtimeframe框架

Migrateoutof迁移

Waseffectivein

Withsomedegreeof

Presentsmanyoptionsfor

…relevantfor有关的

Isderivatizedwith改性

Wasdrivenby

Wasdependenton

Itwasfoundthat

Releasedbydiffusion/swelling

isofangiogenesis…

Morerecently,

Susceptibleto敏感的

Bifunctional双功能的

Itwasdemonstratedthat

Showeddiffusionalrelease扩散

Multiplegrowthfactors

Mixedatdifferentratiosandsubsequently随

后,

Wasfavored有利的byreducing

Reducedrigidity硬度

Rapidhydrogeldisintegration崩解、分解

Furthermore,

Beprocessedinto加工、处理

Naturallyoccurring天然存在

Molecularweightsupto107Da

Becauseofitsbiocompatible,

Isanextensivelystudied

Forthedevelopmentofdeliverysystems

Displayspoor差的mechanicalproperties

Tobesuitableforpr白莲花度假村 oteindelivery,

Introducefunctionalities功能、功能团

Becorrelated有关withthemasserosion

Withdifferentcrosslinkdensities

Maturebone

Additionally,theco-deliveryofanangiogenic

molecule(VEGF)inconjunctionwith协同、

连同anosteoinductivemolecule(BMP-2)

increasedtheextentof范围formed

mineralizedtissue

Werestudiedfor

Thedeliveryofmultiplegrowthfactors

Inbothpresenceorabsenceofheparin

,accordingto

Wereconductedby指挥

Itwasfoundthatreleasefollowed遵循first

orderkinetics,

,withgelatinslightlyincreasingthegrowth

factorreleaserate,

Theextentofrevascularization

Willbeaffectedby

Generallyspeaking一般而言

Cationic阳离子

Thepolymer

IspositivelychargedatlowpH\'s

Make…suitablefor

Wasrealizedby

Theazido叠氮基groupsareconvertedinto

nitrenes氮烯

5

80%ofinitiallyloadedVEGFwasretained

inthenetwork

Reviewson

Publishedconcerning关于theirdrug/protein

deliveryaspects

Arenaturallyoccurring发生

Beenextensivelyexploitedasmain

componentinmatricesfor

Canbedetrimentalfor有害于

Diffusioncoefficients

Withavarietyof各种

Leadingtoslightlydifferentpolymer

properties

Canbetailoredprecisely

Aregraduallyresorbed(吸收)invivoby

Waslatercovalentlyboundto

Byenzymaticcleavage

Reportedon

Anelegant讲究的approachonthe

multimodal多模式的、多峰的releaseof

Withdistinct独特的kinetics

Via3mechanisms:entrapment,conjugation

结合throughahomobifunctionalamine

reactivePEGlinker,andphysicaladsorption

onthefibrinmatrix

Wasbothconjugated共轭、结合through

Boundtothematrixvia束缚于

Washighlycorrelatedto

Ascomparedto

Tomanipulate操纵、控制drugloadingand

controlreleasekinetics

Theeasiestmethodtomodulate

Retarddrugrelease延迟

Possessesaspecificbindingdomainfor

Dealsonlywith

Oneapproachto…in

Istocovalentlylink

Bi-domain

Ascomparedtofibrinhydrogels

Werereactedwith

Somechallengesstillremainsuchas

Topredictthereleaserateofproteinsfrom

Becoupledto连接，组对

Wastailoredbyaltering

Canvaryfromnoncovalentbondsto

Hugechallengesstillexistwith

Boundtopolymermatricesviafunctional

groupslikehydroxy,amine,carboxylgroups

that

Ifnotnaturallypresentinthestructureofthe

polymer,havetobeintroducedby

functionalizationreactions,

However,stabilityandmaintenance维护of

biologicalactivityoftheproteinmay

representanissue

susceptibleto(对…敏感)

Haveconsiderable重要的、值得考虑的

potentialas

Isacommonapproachto?

Thatfacilitated促进

Inasynergistic协同的manner

Stronglydependedon

Complexinterplay相互作用

Forindependentdeliveryof

Toachieveadiversity多样性、差异性of

release

Profiles,

Dispersedwithin分散

Theirsynergisticinterplay

Isnowadaysawell-establishedconcept得到

确认的

Resultedfrom

Ontheotherhand,

allowtosustaintherelease

includingtraditional

diffusion/swelling/degradationmediated,

However,somechallengesstillexist

Thisprojectwasfinanciallysupportedby…

Extractedfrom“Theuseofinjectable

sonication-inducedsilkhydrogelfor

VEGF165andBMP-2deliveryfor

elevationofthemaxillarysinusfloor”

Theuseof

Sanitation-induced卫生

,withaneedto

Arekeyregulatorsofangiogenesisand

6

osteogenesis

Thepresentstudyaimedatevaluating

As

Avehicletoencapsulatedualfactorsfor

Forinvivostudiesforeachtimepoint(4and

12weeks),

Bilaterally双边地

Fourtreatmentgroups:silkgel(groupSilk

gel),silkgel/VEGF

165

(groupVEGF),silk

gel/BMP-2(groupBMP-2),silk

gel/VEGF

165

/BMP-2(groupV+B)(n=6per

group).

Promotedmoretissueinfiltrationinto

Wassignificantlylargerthanthose

Asaconsequence,

Hasbeenafocus

Withadvantagesof

Lowinflammatoryresponsebecauseof

Suggestitspotentialuseas

ThecombinationofVEGFandBMP-2offers

synergytowardboneregeneration

Playacentralrole

Withanaverageweightof2.5kg

Wereobtainedfrom

Theexperimentalprotocol协议was

approvedbytheAnimalCareand

ExperimentCommitteeofNinthPeople’s

Hospital

In0.02Msodiumcarbonateaqueous

solution

Rinsedthoroughlywithdeionizedwater

Afterovernightdrying,

Extractedfrom“Tunabledualgrowth

factordeliveryfrompolyelectrolyte

multilayerfilms”

Tunabledual张若虚一生仅留下三首诗 growthfactordelivery

Deliveracombinationofcertaingrowth

factorstotheintegrationsite整合位点

Apromisingstrategyto/for…

Thereisaneedto

Tomaximizeefficacy效力

Areattractivefor吸引人的

Overasustainedperiod

Elutedfrom洗脱

,asquantifiedwith以…定量relevantin

vitroassays

Initiatedadose

Dependentdifferentiationcascade级联、串联、

小瀑布inwhilerhVEGF

165

upregulated上调

HUVECproliferation,andacceleratedclosure

ofascratchinHUVECcellculturesinadose

dependentmanner剂量依赖性

Themineraldensityofectopicboneformed

denovobyrhBMP-2/rhVEGF

165

PEMfilms

Wasapproximately33%higherthanwhen

onlyrhBMP-2wasintroduced

Intheriskofosteoporotic骨质疏松性

fracture

Boneformedthroughoutthescaffold

Whichsuggestsmorecompleteremodeling?

Duetoanincreased增加的localvascular

network

Thisstudydemonstratesapromising

approachtodoing

Deliveringprecisedoses严格的剂量of

multiplegrowthfactorsfor

Avarietyofimplantapplications

Isdesired渴望的、想得到的

Controlover控制、支配

Approximately10%oftotal

Within10years

Almostentirelybecauseof

Thefailureofexaction苛求

Incasesof万一

Itisnecessarytoaddresstheboneas从事、忙

于

Integrating整合

Theimplantwiththebonetissue

Havebeenshownto

Besomeofthemostpotent权势的、有力

的…

Knownamongst

Capableofdirectlyinducing…

7

Bothectopic异位的andorthotropic正位的

sites

Isanapproved被认可的productforuseon?

Morecompleteboneremodeling再造

Overshortertimeperiods

Criticalfor

Intramembranous膜内的and

endochondral软骨内的boneformation

Isrequiredfor

Isacriticalcomponentof关键元素、关键部

件

Isgreatlyenhancedby

TheintroductionofrhVEGFhasbeenshown

toenhanceboneformation

Increasedbloodflow

Localized局部的introductionofsuch

growthfactors

Thereisatherapeutic有疗效的advantage

to…

Thedeliveryofgrowthfactorsinvivopresents

manycomplexchallenges

Incase万一

Controlovertheamountof

Athightemperature

Byexposure

Tounfavorablesolvents溶剂、解决方法or

throughthedevelopmentofalowpH

environment

Ataminimaldoselevel

Overprolongedtimeperiodsofseveral

weeks

PriortotheintroductionofrhBMP-2

Withacorrespondingdosedependenteffect

on…

Methodisuniqueinitsabilityto

Preservefragileproteinactivity.

Duetotheneedforsequentialandcontrolled

deliveryof…

Initiatethedifferentcellularcascade

Canyieldidealizedreleasebehavior

Wasobtainedfrom

Werepurchasedfrom

Dippingsolutionscontaining含有PEAand

chondroitinsulfatewerepreparedat2mg/mol

in100mMsodiumacetatebuffer

RhBMP-2andrhVEGF165dippingsolutions

were40mg/mlin100mMsodiumacetate

buffer

Werereplaced

Werereplenished重新充满every24hby

adding

Werefabricatedonthisscaffoldwith

Withthefollowingprotocol协议

Swappedfor交换

Concurrently同时地、一致地

Thefinalproductwasstoredat4Cuntil

releasedorimplanted.

Werereleasedat37Cinto1mLof1xPBSin

1.7mlcentrifugetubes

Ataseriesofpredetermined预定的time

points,

Containingfresh1mlPBS

SampleswereanalyzedusingELISA

developmentkitsaccordingtomanufacturer

instructions说明书

Consecutive连贯的timepoints

Totesttheefficacy效力of

Anumberofinvitrotestswereperformed执

行to

BMP-2initiatesthedifferentiationof

preosteoblastcellline

Eachconditionwasrepeatedintriplicate三

倍份

Supplementedwith增补、补充

Cellswereculturedunderdifferent

experimentalconditions

Wasdeterminedonday5after…by…

Oronefreeze-thawcycle

Weretransferr写端午节开头摘抄大全 edto转移

Centrifugedat15,000gfor3minat4C

TheALPactivitymeasurementswere

normalizedto标准化totalprotein

determinedbyBCAassay

After14daysofexposuretodifferent

formulationsofthereleasemedium,

Wereassayedforcalciumdepositionusing

Washedindistilledwater4timesfor5min

each

8

Weredisrupted破坏、分裂bytheusea

pipettetip吸管端

Vortexesfor30s旋涡

Heatedat85Cfor10min

Werereadona96-wellplatewithblacksides

andaclearbottomat405nm

ThenormalizedrhVEGF

165

doseper

milligramofscaffoldwascalculated,

Labeledwith…foranother2h

Theabsorbancewasmeasuredat450nm

witha595nmreferencewavelength

Allanimalworkwasperformedin

accordancewithprotocolsapprovedbythe

CommitteeonAnimalCareatMassachusetts

InstituteofTechnology.

(Correspondingtoa6mgtotalscaffold

load),

动物实验步骤：Therighthindlimbofeach

animalwasshaved,cleanedwithalcoholand

povidoneiodinesolutions,andsteriledrapes

wereplacedaroundthesurgicalarea

Post-operatively,

Fourratsfromeachgroupweresacrificedand

theimplantsretrievedforanalysisas

describedbelow

Excised切离的sampleswereimmediately

placedin

Solutionsof70%ethanol

Priortodecalcification脱钙

inasolutionof15%EDTAand10%sodium

citratebuffer,pH7.2at4Cundercontinuous

stirring

Werethenseriallysectioned切开,routinely

processed,andembeddedinparaffin.

Microscopesections(4um)werestained

with…

Fabricatingadualgrowthfactorreleasing

layer-by-layersystem

Haveamolecularweightofabout30kDaand

38.2kDarespectively.

Underconditionsofacidicandphysiological

pH,

Areexpectedtobe

Forthelayer-by-layerfilmassembly,weused

Whichhasbeenextensivelystudiedin

Forvariousdeliveryapplications

UnderneutraltoacidicpHconditionsof

Areprotonated,yieldingthepositivecharge?

Necessaryfor

Weanticipatedthat预料

Suitablefor

Wouldinitiate

Thechoiceofscaffoldwasgovernedbythe

followingfactors:(i)…

Comparedwithaflatfilm

Theprecisegrowthfactordoserequired

woulddependonthespecificorthopedic

application

Adoseresponsebehavior

Thissystemcouldbetunedforspecific

applications

wasnormalizedto标准化

Wetunedoursystemtodemonstrate

Acontrolovertotalgrowthfactorloading

OccurswithapHshiftfrom…to…

Approximatelyone-thirdoftherhBMP-2and

two-thirdsoftherhVEGF

165

wasreleased

afterthreedays

Ittakesalongertimetoelutecompletely

from

Iscomparable可比较的

Thatisnotalwaysreadilyattainedwith

multilayerformulations剂型

Leachoutof…intothedippingsolution

Electrostaticinteractionsbetweenthe

growthfactorandsurroundingpolymer

chains链

Preventitfromdiffusingout

4.50+-0.14ng(R2=0.93)and3.72+-0.080ng

(R2=0.96)

Rangedfrom250to600ng/mg

,asafunctionof根据numberoflayers

Abroadrangeofproteinincorporationin

Filmwouldundergobulkerosion

Thedominance优势ofsurfaceerosion

Isconsistent一致的acrossthedifferent

groups

Afterwhichthereisnodetectable可检测的

9

release

Itisinterestingtonotethat

TheamountofrhVEGF

165

released

Dropsto15+_1.42%

Itislikely可能的that

Interdiffusion互扩散occurs

Havebeenreportedforsimilarsystems

InvitrorhBMP-2activityassay

RhB春草明年绿的下一句是什么 MP-2dosedependentbehaviorof…

Exposed…to

IsdosedependenttotheamountofrhBMP-2

itsvisualization形象化andquantification

量化

Maturebonephenotype表现型

ObservedtoberhBMP-2dosedependent

(Fig.3D,E,F)(p<0.05)atconstantdose

wasmorediffuse发散

Complimentarytothesefindings,补充的

Substitutingfor取代…

Reachingconfluency整合

Whichwasstatisticallysignificant(Fig.4A,

B)(p<0.05)

Whichisconsistentwithobservations

elsewhere[50]

Wasstatisticallyinsignificant

Migrationof迁移

confluentmonolayer整合的

Asafunctionof根据

Maturationofectopicbone

Microcomputertomography(microCT)

…timepoints

Showedlargebonedepositscreatedin

responsetorhBMP-2LbLfilms

Progressively逐步地increasedinthickness

Incontrast,

Wasrestrictedtotheperiphery外围、周围of

thescaffold

Overtheinitial4weektimeperiod,

Agreateramountofbonewaspresent

Deepwithinscaffold

Interior…内部的

Wasfoundtobe3foldand4.5foldgreater

“…倍大”thanthebone

Thisisimportant,asitdemonstratesthat

asvisualizedby通过…看到

Isvisible

Isprogressivelyreplacedwith

Denovorecapitulation概括

concurrent并发的、一致的

Aforementioned上述的biologicalprocesses

Isapotenttoolfor

Theabilitytoregulate

Atdistinct明显的stages

beenwelldocumented记录

monogramscale纳克级physiological

amountsof

Overdifferenttimeframes

…usingsustain不识庐山真面目只缘身在此山中的道理 edreleaseobtainedwith

hydrolyticdegradation

Comparedto…

…suchthat…

Flexible灵活的，

Awidevarietyof

Steptowarddeveloping…

Fromimplantcoatingstotissueengineering

Conflictofinterest:Theauthorsconfirmthat

therearenoknownconflictsofinterest

associatedwiththispublication.

Acknowledgments:Thisworkwasfundedby

由…资助