canals是什么意思als在线翻译读音例句

stheauthorincludethequotation“inacity,inwhich

theinhabitantsareinwateruptotheirmouths,theyoftengo

thirsty”?

catethattheFrenchtraveledtoVenicefrequentlyinthe

fifteenthcentury.

stratetheopinionofotherEuropeansaboutthewater

situ熟悉的拼音 ationinVenice

estthatthewatersupplyproblemofVenicecontinuedwell

beyondthefifteenthcentury.

asizehowseriousthewaterproblemwasinVenice.

d“Henceforth”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

dofthis

tion

istimeon

ct

d“obliged”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

d

ed

ded

ingtoparagraph2,whydidthegovernmentplace

restrictionsondyers?

ectthecity’sdrinkingwater

entthelagoonfrombeingpolluted

canalwaterclean

ouragetheuseofbloodandindigofordyeingcloth

ingtoparagraph2,howdiddyersrespondtothecontrols

imposedbythegovernment?

itchedfromusingdyesthatletoffbadodorsorsmellsto

newdyesthatsmelledmuchbetter

sistedinitiallybuteventuallymovedmostofthedyeing

operationsoutsidethecitycenter

guedthatthegovernmentdidnotconsidercommon

practicebeforeimposingthecontrols

artedwash简谱网 搜谱网 ingclothandwoolensdyedwithbloodand

indigointhelagoon

WaterSupplyinVenice

ThecityofVenice,builtonsaltwatermarshesandcrisscrossedby

canals,experiencedproblemswithitswatersupplyformostofits

teenth-centuryFrenchtravelernotedthat“inacity,in

whichtheinhabitantsareinwateruptotheirmouths,theyoftengo

thirsty.”Howwasthecommunitytosolvethisimportantproblem?

Waterdrawnfromthelagoon(thelarge,shallowbodyofwater

betweenVeniceandtheMediterranea苍梧谣是什么意思 nSea)andthecanalswithinthe

cityservedmanydomesticusessuchaswashingandcooking.

Inventoriesofeventhemostmodesthouseholdslistlargenumbersof

buckets,whichwereemptiedandrinsed;theonesusedtocarrythe

brackish(somewhatsalty)canalwaterwerekeptseparatefromthose

,evenservingsuchneedswouldhave

beenimpossibleifthecanalsofVenicehadbeenextremelypolluted.

Thegovernmentwasobligedtoimposecontrols,andintheearly

fourteenthcentury,theGreatCouncilprohibitedthewashingofall

clothanddyedwoolensinthecanals,addingthatwaterusedfor

orthdirtywaterof

toresistanceonthepartof

thedyers,infractionsweremany;thelawdidnotreflectcommon

rylater,however,mostofthedyeworksthatused

bloodorindigo(adarkbluedye)hadshiftedtotheperipheryofthecity,

ashadallactivities“thatletoffbadodorsorsmells”,suchas

,carcasses,andspoiledmeatweretogointothe

alsofVenicebegantobeprotectedinthenameof

nascentecologicalawareness.

einferredfromparagraph3thatwellsonthenearby

coastalregion

allerinsizethanthecisternslocatedinthecity

asawatersourceforthegrowingnumberofcisternsinthe

city

sedinnumberasthepopulationdensityincreased

edenoughwaterforonlyarelativelysmallnumberof

people

ingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweretrueofVenice’s

systemofcisternsandgomeEXCEPT

evelopedoverseveralcenturies

ectedrainwater

aintainedwithfeespaidbythepublic

ectedthesocialandeconomicdiversityofthecityofVenice

d“launched”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

r

d

ed

on

ingtoparagraph5,allofthefollowinghadaneffecton

cisternsinVenicefromthethirteenthtothefifteenthcenturyEXCEPT

structionofcisternsinothercitiesinEurope

ablishmentofprogramstoconstructandrepaircisterns

breakofbubonicplague

anizationofanareaattheedgeofthecity

Muchmorestringentmeasuresweren《繁星》短诗摘抄 ecessarytoguaranteea

supplyofdrinkingwater,arlycenturiesofsettlement

inthelagoonbasin,thepopulationsdependedonwellsonthenearby

inthcentury,however,withtheincreasein

populationdensity,lly,thecisterns

werelarge,coveredpitsdugintothegroundandlinedwithclaytohold

ternswerelocatedinthecity,butunlikethewells,the

cisternswerenotsuppliedwithwaterfromthelagoon,theycollected

nsbecamewidespreadinthegrowingcity.

Overaperiodofseveralhundredyears,Venicedevelopedan

elaboratesystemofcisternsandgome-theguttersorpipesthat

carriedrainwatertothecisternsandthat,forasinglecistern,might

yhouseholdshadtheir

affluentareasofthecity,cisternswereoften

dedpartsof

thecitywherelandlordsofferedsmallhouseforrent,oneortwo

rkofpubliccisterns

ublic

squareinthecityhadacisterntoservethepoorestvenetians.

Inthethirteenthcentury,adecisionwasmadetocreate50

additionalcisterns,primarilyintherecentlyurbanizedareaattheedge

ametime,acampaignwaslaunchedtorepairthe

ionofthecisternsystemstoppedduringmuch

ofthefourteenthcenturyasVenice,likeothercitiesinEurope,

ifteenthcentury,however,anew

programofcisternconstructionandrepairwasundertaken.

ase“thisparallelsource”refersto

lasofboat

rivers

terns

duct

d“ensure”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

e

se

l

tee

ingtoparagraph6,howdidpublicauthoritiesrespondto

problemswiththewatersupplyduringdryperiods?

ntboatstofetchfreshwaterfromnearbyrivers

anneledriverwaterintothecisterns

nstructedanaqueduct(Theysuggestedtoconstructan

aqueduct.)

ldwaterfromt豪迈的近义词 hecisternsinbucketstothepublic

thefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowing

sentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thecomplexityofthecisternsystemwassocialaswell

asphysical.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?

Inspiteoftheexpansionofthecisternsystem,Venicecontinued

tohaveproblemswithitswatersupply,especia将白话文翻译成文言文 llyduringdryperiods.

Flotillasofboatshadtobedispatchedtothemouthsofnearby

rivers-firsttotheBottenigo,thentotheBrenta-tofetchfreshwater.

Thefreshwaterwasthensoldbythebucketorpouredintothecisterns.

Thepublicauthoritiesmadeeffortstotakebolderactiontoensure

thesupplyoffreshwaterfromthisparallelsourceandanumberof

projectsweresuggestedduringthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturies

r,

thehighcostofsuchinitiativesprecludedtheirexecution.

Overaperiodofseveralhundredyears,Venicedevelopedan

elaboratesystemofcisternsandgome-theguttersorpipesthatcarried

rainwatertothecisternsandthat,forasinglecistern,mightext雨的拼音为什么u没有点 end

overanareaofseveralstreets.■Wealthyhouseholdshadtheirown

cisterns.■Inlessaffluentareasofthecity,cisternswereoftenowned

andmaintainedbyneighborhoodgroups.■Incrowdedpartsofthecity

wherelandlordsofferedsmallhouseforrent,oneortwocisternswere

providedforeachstreet.■Anetworkofpubliccisternsparalleledthese

ublicsquareinthecity

hadacisterntoservethepoorestvenetians.

ions:AntethesummarybyselectedTHREEanswer

ntencesdonotbelonginthesummaryexpressideasthatarenotpresentedin

estionisworth2points.

ThecityofVeniceexperiencedproblemswithitswatersupplyformostofitshistory.

AnswerChoices

erfromthelagoonbetweenVeniceandtheMediterraneanSeancouldnotbeusedfordrinkingbecauseitwasextremelypolluted.

eninthtothefifteenthcentury,Venicedevelopedasystemtocollectedandstorerainwaterincisternsforusebythepopulation

yhouseholdswereabletobuildtheirowncisterns,butevery《意林》摘抄加赏析 oneelsehadtousepubliccisternslocatedinthecity’smanysquares.

arlyfourteenthcentury,thewaterinVenice’scanalswasbecomingtoopollutedforhouseholdusepromptingthecitycounciltoprohibit

theuseofthecanalsbydyersandbutchers.

ifteenthcentury,cisternssuppliedbyrainwaterprovedtobeinadequate,butthecostoftheprojectsproposedforapermanentsolution

wastoohighfortheprojectstobeundertaken.

ansionandrepairofthecisternsystemwasinterruptedformuchofthefourteenthcenturybecauseofthebubonicplague,asituation

thatworsenedthewatersupplyproblem.