Ulisses是什么意思sses在线翻译读音例句-美国留学高中成绩单
2023年4月19日发(作者:i lay my love on you)倍文学刊・外语教育教学 2010耳第12期
Polysemy and Homonymy in English Language
0 Wang Kaihui Zhang Aiying
( .Inner Mongolia Univemity ofScience and Technology,Baotou,Inner Mongolia,014010;
2.Be ̄iing Pal ̄y School of Political and Law Committee,Beijing,100021)
[Abstract] While learning English language,we learners usually come aCrOSS a lot of polysemous and homonymous
words.Understanding those words is a big task facing as.To comprehend and to master them,the interrelationships
between those words are analysed in this article,and some approaches are introduced in this article.
[Key words]polysemy;homonymy;interrelationship;context
[中图分类号]H314 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1672—8610(2010)12-0041-03
understanding those words.To comprehend and to master them,
ifstr of all,the interrelationships between words have to be taken
into account.
Polysemy(one word with many meanings)and Homonymy
f two or more words which are the same in pronunciation&spell—
ing but diferent in meanings)are prevalent phenomena in
E力gljsh language study.At 8.11" early stage oflanguagelearning,a
l0t of monosemy(words with a single meaning)are learned and
they ale easy to understand.Later,more and more pelysemous
and homonymous words ale learned.Diicultfies often face US in
L Polysemy
1.Literal and figurative meanings
2.General and 悠然的拼音 speciic meanifng
3.Abstract and concrete meanings
abstract concrete
Have we as a society b
ec
omesum
SO cone
d
People
c
onsue
n1
a good deal of sugar
............—
.....—
with。ur。wn needs and the impulses of。ur
c。nsume ~
children that everyone else’s righ£s
are ignored?(:be iflled with充满)
in drinks.人们在喝饮料时摄人大量的糖。
(=eat,drink,or ingest food or drink)
吃;喝;摄取(食物,饮料)
[作者简介]王凯辉,女。内蒙古科技大学外国语学院副教授,研究方向:英语语言学、教学法及教学管理;
张爱英,女,北京市委政法委党校副教授。
一
4l一
LANGUAGE Wang Kaihui Zhang Aiying/Polysemy and Homonymy in English Language
G
o
v
eme
rnn
t of a large city is very dififcuh. The report on world poverty calls for urgent
..................。 ......—
管理一个大城市是非常困难的。
action from Western governments.
government (=the action or manner of controlling or regulating
关于世界贫困状况的报告呼吁
a state,organization,or people控制;管理
西方政府采取紧急行动。
=the govemin ̄body of a state国家的)政府:
The aut}lorities at the town hall
Although she has no official position
are slQw to deal with complaints.
authority
(=a person or group with the ability,power,
in the party,she has a lot of authority.
or irght to control and command当局;掌权者)
(=power to influence影响力,权威)
II.Homonymy(同音异义词)(2)The ledger shows 300 pounds on the debit side and 50
Three kinds of homonymy are mentioned as follows:
pounds on thet side.
c
r
edi
———
——
2.1 Complete homonymy(完全同音异义词)
从分类账上可以看出,发生金额借方300英镑,贷方5O英
Homonymy refers to two or more words which are the SalTle in
镑。
pronunciation&spelling but diferent in meaning:
(3),r}le availability of cheap long term
cr终南山古诗 e
dit would help
——
spoiling pronunciation meaning spelling pronunciation meaning
small businesses.
低息长期贷款可以扶持小型企业。
(4)They sold grain on
cre
ditduring time offamine.
—
—
饥荒季节,他们则赊销粮食。
2.2 Homophone(同音异义词或同音异形异义词)
(5)How much do I have to my credit?
Homophone referstotwo ormorewordswhich arethe samein
我们的银行户头上还有多少存款?
pronunciation but diferent in spelling&meaning.
(6)They cannot obtain
cre
dit at all in the trade.
——
spoiling pronunciation meaning spelling pronunciation meaning
他们在业内的信誉已荡然无存。 .
(7)They have opened the covering
cre
dit with the Bank of
—
—
China,London.
2.3 Homograph or Hetemnym(同形异音词)
他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了足额信用证。
Homograph or Heteronym refers to two or more words which
Obviously,the same word that is in different context has
are the same in spelling but diferent in pronunciation&meaning
quite different meaning.Context is vital in comprehending Polyse-
my and Homonymy.As Kramseh says,“The key to understanding
spelling pronunciation meaning spelling pronunciation meaning
language in context is to start not with lnaguage,but with con-
text.”
3.2 Coliccation
Ⅲ.Approaches in Understanding Polysemy and Homonymy
Collcoation is the habitual juxtaposition of a particular word
3.1 Context
iwth another word or words with a frequency greater than chance.
Comext refers to the parts of something written or spoken that
Collocation in linguistic context helps a lot in comprehending Poly・・
immediately precede and follow a word or pass ̄e and clarify its
semy and Homonymy.
●
meamng・
bank n.
As more words have more than one meaning,it is often im—
(1)Some people on the
ban
k cal1ed out to the man in the
possible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.
boat.(=lnad along the side of a irver,lake.ete.岸,河岸,河
Context is very importn杨慎临江仙书法作品 at for the understanding of word—meaning
堤)
because the meaning is influenced immediately by the linguistic
(2)Recently there has been a shortage of blood in hte blood
context,and in many cases by the whole speech situation as wel1.
banks of many cities.(=a stock of something available for use
When a writer or spoaker HSeS a word.she/he makes it“mean
when requierd储备库)
just what he choose it to mean—neither more nor less”.Without
(3)since there is a black,you can’t draw money rfom t星罗棋布是什么意思 he
context,there is no way to determine the very sense of the word
bank.(:a financila establishment that uses money deposited by
that the speaker intended to convey;whereas with context there is
customers for investment,pays it out when required,makes loans
generally no danger of misinterpretation.f0r meaning lives in con・
at interest,and exchanges currency银行)
text and the context defines meaning.(English Lexicology,1999)
hard adv.
Let’s look at the following sentences taken from Language
(1)They work hard at schoo1.(=with a great deal foeffort
Tips in 2009.
努力地)他们在学校努力学习。
(1)He got all the creditforthe discovery.
(2)It was raining hard.(=with a great deal offorce;vio—
他因这项发现而获得各项荣誉。
lently猛烈地)雨下得很大。
一
42一
语文学刊・外语教育教学 2010年第12期
a lot of polysemous and homonymous 相互的拼音 words.By my person— across
(3)The motrar has set hard.(=SO as to be solid or ifrm变
坚硬地)灰泥已经变干硬了。
ng.I think through the above analysis of the interrela・ cles to readi
(4)Put the wheel hard over to starboard.(:to the fullest
extent possible在最大程度上;满满地;完全的)右满舵。
3.3 Grammar
l experaiences,polysemy and homonymy are汉江临泛是一首什么诗 more or less obsta
tionships between them and the introduction of some approaches to
understanding and mastering polysemy and homonymy,English
Let’S take the following proverb as an example to see how
grammar functions in a sentence where four words speH the same.
Don’t trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.
language learning will be instructive and enjoyable.
【References】
[1]Halliday,M.A.K..Introduction to Functional Grammar
[M].London:Edward Arnold,1994.
[2]Lu,G.Q.Modern English Lexicology[M].Shanghai Foreign
Language Education Press,1983.
In this sentence.the first“trouble”is a柳永雨霖铃原文翻译及赏析 verb which means
“
cause inconvenience引起…麻烦”;the second trouble is a noun
meaning“a particular aspect or quality of something regarded as
unsatisfactory or as a source of diiculfty麻烦”;the third“trou—
ble”is a noun again:and the fourth“trouble”once more a verb.
[3]Summers,D.Longman Active Study Enelish—Chinese
Dictionary[M].上海译文出版社,1993.
[4]丁建新.现代英语词汇学教程[M].重庆出版社,2004.
Theretbre.since the grammatical structure is evidently defined,
understanding it is not a problem(Don’t incur problems or difif—
eulties),not to mention its Chinese translation(不要惹是生
非).
In English language learning,we leamers usually come
[5]张维友.En花开荼蘼的寓意 glish Lexicology[M].Foreign Language Teaching
and Research Press,1996.
英语语言中的“一词多译"和“同形异义"现象
王凯辉 张爱英
(1.内蒙古科技大学外国语学院,内蒙古包头014010;2.北京市委政法委党校,北京 100024)
[摘 要] 本文探讨了英语语言学习过程中遇到的“一词多译”和“同形异义”现象,在众多意义中选择既
忠实原文又符合汉语表达习惯的译词,做到“一词多译”,“同形异义”则显得尤为困难。文章从几个方面介绍了
“
词多译”、“同形异义”词;r-中存在的内在关联,以及理解词语的一些方法,强调了Kramsch的观点:语境是语言
交际中不能忽视的一个重要因素,它对于准确理解词语和话语起重要的作用。
一
[关键词] 一词多译; 同形异义; 内在关联;语境
l_. ●c,il,.e- ● ●“H_.11’● I.●・ ● ●,qb● ● l’● ● ●H--G" ◆一_●HI◆r,ll,◆
(上接第36页)
性。可以设计多种活动,如:pair work,group work等,让学生
在较为轻松的氛围里进行翻译。同时还可以让学生自己选 美国六、七十年代出现了大量的孤寡老人无人照顾的社会问
题。因此,美国政府决定建立一种为孤寡老人服务的福利事
业,即loneliness industry。所以,这句话应译为:美国已建立
了一种为孤寡老人服务的社会项目。可见,加强学生对西方
择课后的翻译练习材料,给予学生主动权,提高学生的兴趣。
三、结语
翻译技能是语言基本功之一。大学英语教学的主要目
标是培养学生语言综合应用能力,这种综合能力的表现形式
文化的-r解,有助于提高学生的文化素养以及激发学生对翻
译的兴趣,对于大学英语教学十分重要。
(三)改进翻译教学的方法
是“听说读写译”五种能力的结合。教师于翻译教学过程中
不仅要给学生讲述基本的翻译方法和技巧,还要在精读课中
配合翻译教学等许多行之有效的方法,并让学生通过反复的
实践,将翻译教学有机地融人大学英语教学过程中。这样不
在传统的翻译教学模式中,教师讲解太多,学生实践机
会太少。即使讲评课也基本上以教师为中心,学生发表意
见的机会不多。教师的动机固然是好的,力图讲明道理,但
仅可以提高教学质量,也有利于培养和训练学生的翻译能
力,真正使学生综合运用英语的能力得到全面的提高。
客观上却忽视了翻译活动实践性较强的特点。因此,翻译
教学必须变满堂灌为精讲多练,充分调动学生的积极性,着
力培养学生的独立思考能力。对此,“批评法”是一个有效的
方法,即让学生完成翻译练习后继而对译文进行自我或相
【参考文献】
[1]罗选民.中国的翻译教学——问题与前景[J].中国翻译,
2002(4).
互间的评改,在此过程中培养其应变、创造及译文鉴赏能
力,提高实际翻译水平。以学生为中心可以通过以下几个
活动达到。首先,布置和检查预习预习是学生参与课堂活动
的第一环节,有利于培养学生自学能力。其次,精讲多练,机
会留给学生。因为实践性强是语言学习、尤其是翻译活动的
[2]刘宓庆.论翻译者的技能意识[J].翻译,2003(5).
[3]王佐良.翻译中的文化比较[J].翻译,2003(5).
[4]束定芳,庄智象.现代外语教学[M].上海外语教学出版
社,2002.
特点,没有大量的实践机会,就不可能造就合格的翻译人才。
再次,翻译形式多样化。鼓励学生对译文进行讨论,允许有
多种翻译答案,并对翻译精彩的学生多加表扬,从而提高学
生对翻译的兴趣和自身的自信心,调动学生的主动性和创造
[5]郑树堂.新视野大学英语(第二版)[M].外语教学与研
究出版社,2008.
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