南航地研究生英语课后翻译

2023年12月29日发(作者：新疆三高考数学试卷)

Translation

Unit 1

No doubt everyone has to apologize for his life, sooner or later.

毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。

When we appear at the Last Judgment and the Recording Angel reads out a list of our sins, we

will presumably be given an opportunity to apologize, in the old sense of rebuttal and in the new

sense too, by way of confession and plea of repentance.

当我们出席最后的审判时，记录天使诵读出所罗列的我们的罪孽，我们作了忏悔并请求宽恕，这样大概会被给予辩白(这个词的老义)和表示歉意(它的新义)的机会。

In this life, it is better to apologize (in the new sense), but promptly, voluntarily, fully and

sincerely.

在今生中，道歉(新义)是桩对的事， 但是要做到及时、要心甘情愿、要完完全全、要诚心诚意。

If the error is a matter of opinion and un-punishable, so much the better – an apology then

becomes a gracious and creditable occasion, and an example to all.

如果错误是一个观点上的错误，并且错不当罚，那么最好不过 —— 一声道歉将变成一次展示大度的机会，可赞可叹，是所有人的楷模。

An enforced apology is a miserable affair.

而被动的道歉就有些难受了。

Besides, there is something distinguished about a ready apology.

此外，随时准备好道歉，是一种高尚的行为。

It is a mark of a gentleman, more particularly if it is not necessary.

这是一种绅士的标记，更尤其是在道歉不那么必要时。

It is the opposite of revenge.

与道歉相反的是报复。

Bacon wrote, “In seeking revenge, a man is but equal with his enemy, but in forgiving him, he is

superior, for it is a princes part to pardon.” So, the person who apologizes freely has the moral

ball in his court.

培根有云:“夫图报复焉，汝与汝仇等：苟汝恕之，则汝优於汝仇焉；盖宽恕也，王者之风也。” 由是，谁把“对不起”常挂在嘴边，谁就在道义上掌握了主动。

当世界疯狂时，一个数学家可以在数学中发现一种无与伦比的镇定剂。

When the world is mad, a mathematician may find in mathematics an incomparable anodyne.

在所有艺术和科学之中，数学是最朴实而且也是最细微的，同时，数学家在所有人里应该是最容易超脱于世的，恰如罗素所言，至少一种冲动与不安可以从沉闷而乏味的现实中得以解脱。

For mathematics is, of all the arts and sciences, the most austere and the most remote, and a

mathematician should be of all men the one who can most easily take refuge where, as Bertrand

Russell says, ‘one with at least impulses and uneasiness can best escape from the actual and

boring world.

遗憾的是，这里必须提出一个分厂严格的限制条件，即数学家一定不能太老。

It is a pity that it should be necessary to make one very serious reservation — he must not be too

old.

数学是一种创造性而不是默想的学科。没有人可以在失去能力或不再有创造欲望时还能从数学这一学科中得到慰藉。

Mathematics is not a contemplative but a creative subject; no one can draw much consolation

from it when he has lost the power or the desire to create;

这种失去能力与创造愿望的情况可能会很快在一个数学家身上发生，非常可悲。在这种情况下，它就不是什么重要角色，也不用为他操心了。

and it\'s a pity that this is apt to happen to a mathematician rather soon. In that case he does not

matter a great deal anyhow, and it would be silly to bother about him.

Unit 3

The plane arcs softly into its final descent at Hong Kong International Airport.

飞机划着柔和的弧线最终降落在香港国际机场。

Below, Victoria Harbor, and the silent rhythms of countless ships.

俯瞰，维多利亚港，无数的船只演奏者无声的旋律。

Beyond, sloping mountains fence in a breathtaking city view that seems to stretch forever.

眺望，依山而建令人叹为观止的城市风景一望无际。

This is no ordinary airport. This is no ordinary city.

这不是一个普通的机场，这也不是一个普通的城市。

An eldly man passes by wearing pajamas, bearing a brightly feathered bird singing merrily in its

cage.

一位穿着睡衣的老人从旁边走过，提着鸟笼，一只颜色鲜艳的鸟儿在鸟笼里欢快的歌唱。

Professionals gather at a roadside kitchen for noodles, congee and shrimp.

上班族聚在旁边的餐馆里吃面条，喝粥，吃小虾。

Incense from a tiny Taoist temple drifts into the pounding beat of rock music pouring out of a

discotheque.

一个小道馆里飘散出的檀香混杂着迪斯科舞厅流出的摇滚乐有力的节奏，浑然一体。

A ferry travels on the nearby water regularly, taking passengers to an isolated island 40 minutes

away, where Buddhist temples and tiny fishing villages dot the landscape, Hong Kong.

一只渡船穿梭在附近的水面上，把人们带到离此四十分钟旅程处的一座孤岛上，岛上，寺庙和渔村交相辉映。香港。

Here, 161km south of the Tropic of Cancer, beats the pulse of Southeast Asia’s heart. Where East

greets West, and past colors present themselves.

这里，在北回归线以南161公里处，如同东南亚的心脏时刻搏动。这里东西交融，时光汇聚。

南京，她自新中国建立以来发生的巨大而深刻的变化更加令人欢欣鼓舞。

“虎踞龙盘今胜昔，天翻地覆慨而慷。”

The tremendous changes that have taken place in Nanjing since New China was founded are even

more inspiring/encouraging, just as Chairman Mao puts it “The city, a tiger crouching, a dragon

curling, outshines its ancient glories; In heroic triumph heaven and earth have been overturned.”

从1949年4月23日开始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。

On April 23rd,1949, the common people came to be the genuine masters of the ancient city.

金陵回春，古城新生，昔日饱尝的屈辱和灾难，至此如同梦魇终被摆脱。

Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to this historic city. The nightmare sufferings and

humiliations of the past were left behind once and for all.

人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京装扮得面貌一新。

The citizens of Nanjing have been working hard to give this age-old town a new appearance.

特别是近四十年来，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注人新的活力，崭新的工业、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代都市焕发出勃勃英姿。

Especially for the past four decades, the country’s reform and opening-up policy has infused new

vigor into this beautiful and famous city. Newly built industries, an efficient transportation

network extending in all directions, picturesque urban construction, a booming tertiary industry,

a varied and colorful cultural life, all these and more added charm and vitality to this modern

metropolis, which retains somehow the ambiance and features of an ancient capital.

孙中山先生所预言的“南京将来之发展未可限量也”正在逐步成为现实。

The prophecy of Dr. Sun Yat-sen , father of modern China that “ Nanjing will have a future that

knows no bounds” is becoming true.

5.

Mentoring includes powerful explicit and implicit elements.

导师指导包括外显和内在两方面重要因素。

Explicit mentoring processes involve the active transmission of facts, techniques, and systems of

thought, through overt and deliberate processes in which the mentor acts in teacher, advisor, and

sponsor roles.

外显因素包括事实、 技术和思想体系的有效传播。在这个显性的、精密筹划的过程中，导师扮演教师、顾问和资助人等多重角色。

Under this rubric might be included career counseling, professional socialization, and guidance in

clinical or experimental techniques or systems of diagnostic or therapeutic thinking.

在这个过程中，指导还包括咨询，专业沟通，在临床或实验技能、诊断或治疗方法等方面加以引导。

Implicit processes, conversely, are not consciously or deliberately displayed.

与之相反，内在因素不是一种主动或下意识行为。

They involve the exemplar role of the mentor: intellectual style, professional priorities,

deliberateness, truth telling, and the flavor of interpersonal relationships are transmitted through

implicit mechanisms

通过它们，导师发挥一种示范作用，从智力风格、专业优势、审慎、实事求是、以及人际关系方式等方面展现出来。

Elements of scholarliness, thoroughness, and loyalty, as well as styles of interactions with patients,

peers, and juniors, are also powerfully displayed in implicit fashion

学识、细致、忠诚，以及与患者、 同行和年青人之间的相处方式，也都通过内在方式得以展现。

Implicit processes include also demonstration of the important set of characteristics and functions

that McDermott referred to as the Samaritan functions of the physician- those elements of support,

empathy, and identifcation with the suffering of the patients that characterize doctoring at its best.

此外，内在方式还包括麦克德莫特所说的撒马利亚式行为，在医生身上表现为乐于助人、同情患者，以及对痛苦的理解，这些都是诊疗工作最突出的特点。

“弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子”，这是一个真理， 并不是瞎说。老师和学生

并没有什么不可逾越的界限。在这门知识上老师高于学生，在另一一门知识上， 学生也可

能高于老师;今天老师高于学生，明天学生可能高过老师。这也是辩证法,对立面的统一。老师和学生可以互换，学生要向老师学习，老师也有需要向学生学习之处。新的师生关系，是不耻相师，就是互为老师，互为学生，彼此平等，不分尊卑，真正是 道之所存，师之所存，谁有学问谁就是老师。

“It is a truth, not a fallacy the pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor

teachers better than their pupils”. There is no impassable demarcation line between teacher and

pupil. While a teacher may be superior to his pupils in one branch of knowledge, the latter may be

superior to the former in another. While the teacher may be superior to his pupil today, the latter

may be superior to the former tomorrow. That demonstrates the law of dialectics and the unity of

opposites. A kind of interplay exists between teacher and pupil. The pupil should learn from his

teacher, but sometimes there may also be something the teacher has to learn from his pupils. The

new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of “not being ashamed to learn from

each other.” That is to say, teacher and pupils should teach each other and learn from each from.

They should treat each other as equals regardless of seniority so that, as the saying goes, “whoever

knows the truth can be a teacher.”

7.

The world \"science\" seems to contain some magic power; if put forward,it should bring

about immediate consent, with no possible discussion.

This situation is exploited for advertisement, but it is basically unsound. Science is not a creed.

It was not revealed to man by some superior deity.

Science is a product of the human brain, and as such, it is always open to discussion and possible

revision.

There is no absolute truth in it: rather relativity is its rule.

It represents a logical summary of human knowledge, based on human observation and experience,

both of which are always of limited range and finite accuracy.

As for the logic introduced into the classification of empirical facts, it is typically product

of our brain.

We select experimental results that appear to us as logically connect together,and we ignore many

facts that do not fit into our“logic\".

This rather artificial procedure is our own invention and we are so proud of it that we insist its

results should be considered as \"laws of nature\".

科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论。 这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不和情理。要知道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类的揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨论和修正的。科学绝无绝对真理，通常只有相对性。它以人的观察和经验为基础，对人类知识进行逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经验总是有限的而且缺少一定的精确性。至于那些用来对

经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己“逻辑”的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我们自己的事情。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应该被当做“自然规律”来对待。

一门科学，它研究某一类事物，研究这一类事物里 各个成员的变化以及这些成员之间的关系。因此，自然科学的理想形式是与数学的理想形式相同的。自然科学的目的是去发现这样一些关系 即在某种情况下有事件P出现时，一定也有事件Q出现。当一门科学由描述性的定性阶段发展到能以定量和解释的方式表达相互关系的阶段时，该门科学就以数学的形式出现了。天文学曾一度是一门描述性的科学。但是，开普勒( Kepler )和牛顿( Newton)的工作确立了这样的基础，利用这些基础，天体运动规律可用数学来表示。正是在这个意义上，数学有时被称为“科学的语言”。当科学的结论采用定量的形式表达，并频繁地启发新的实验时，就要使用数学的假设命题了;另一方面，观察到的科学数据极其复杂，会刺激数学的发展，并拓宽数学的基础。

A branch of science deals with a class of things, the changes in the members of the class, and the

relations between these members. Thus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of

mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that when an

event P is present in a situation, then the event Q also present. As a branch of science advances

from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a

quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes a mathematical form. Astronomy at one

time was a descriptive science, but work of Kepler and Newton established foundations, by means

of which the laws of the motions of the heavenly bodies could be expressed mathematically. It is

in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science. The hypothetical

propositions of mathematics are called into play when the generalizations of science take on a

quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments; while, on the other hand, complexities

in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broaden its foundation.