查看更多优质解析解答一举报关系代词 (1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句.
它代表先行词,
同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,
例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.
(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,
又在从句中作介词to的宾语.
)(2) 关系代词有主格,
宾格和所有格之分,
并有指人与指物之分.
在限定性定语从句中,
that 可指人也可指物,
见表:限定性 非限定性 限定性指 人 指 物 指人或指物主 格 who which that宾 格 whom that that所有格 whose of which/whose of which/whose 例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔.
(whose 指物,
在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.
他回来取他丢下的书.
(which指物,
在限定性定语从句中作宾语,
可以省略)(3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,
例如:He said he saw me there,
which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,
纯属谎言.
说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,
例如:I\'ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语,
现在大都忘了.
He\'s changed.
He\'s not the man he was.
他变化很大,
已不是过去的他了.
注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,
that在从句中作表语时也可省略.
非限定性定语从句中,
不能用that作关系代词.
(4)三个特殊关系代词的用法but,
as,
than作关系代词引导定语从句but既可指人,
也可指物,
常在定语从句中充当主语.
but本身含\"否定\"的意思,
其作用相当于\"that /which /who...not\".
它前面的主句通常有\"否定\"的词(如:no,
not,
little,
few,
hardly等).
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,
达到强烈肯定的修饰效果.
例如:There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲.
as既可指人,
也可指物,
常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语.
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词.
例如:①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人.
②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书.
as作关系代词,
还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,
as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末.
例如:① Taiwan,
as we all know,
is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,
as we all know.than既可指人,
也可指物,
可作关系代词来引导定语从句.
than前通常有表比较的词.
例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少.
在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,
还要注意区分下列两个词组:1.\"such...that...\"表\"如此……以致……\"的意思,
用来引导一个结果状语从句;而\"such...as...\"表\"像……这(那)样\"的意思,
用来引导定语从句,
as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等.
试比较下列两个句子:① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他.
② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人.
2.\"the same...that...\"表同一人或物,
而\"the same...as...\"表同种类的东西.
试比较下列两个句子:①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书.
(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样.
(并不是原来的那一本)
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