答案解析

查看更多优质解析解答一举报关系代词 (1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句.

它代表先行词,

同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,

例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.

跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.

(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,

又在从句中作介词to的宾语.

)(2) 关系代词有主格,

宾格和所有格之分,

并有指人与指物之分.

在限定性定语从句中,

that 可指人也可指物,

见表:限定性 非限定性 限定性指 人 指 物 指人或指物主 格 who which that宾 格 whom that that所有格 whose of which/whose of which/whose 例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken.

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔.

(whose 指物,

在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.

他回来取他丢下的书.

(which指物,

在限定性定语从句中作宾语,

可以省略)(3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,

例如:He said he saw me there,

which was a lie.

他说在那儿看到了我,

纯属谎言.

说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,

例如:I\'ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

我过去懂拉丁语,

现在大都忘了.

He\'s changed.

He\'s not the man he was.

他变化很大,

已不是过去的他了.

注释:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,

that在从句中作表语时也可省略.

非限定性定语从句中,

不能用that作关系代词.

(4)三个特殊关系代词的用法but,

as,

than作关系代词引导定语从句but既可指人,

也可指物,

常在定语从句中充当主语.

but本身含\"否定\"的意思,

其作用相当于\"that /which /who...not\".

它前面的主句通常有\"否定\"的词(如:no,

not,

little,

few,

hardly等).

but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,

达到强烈肯定的修饰效果.

例如:There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲.

as既可指人,

也可指物,

常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语.

as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词.

例如:①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人.

②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书.

as作关系代词,

还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,

as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末.

例如:① Taiwan,

as we all know,

is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,

as we all know.than既可指人,

也可指物,

可作关系代词来引导定语从句.

than前通常有表比较的词.

例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少.

在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,

还要注意区分下列两个词组:1.\"such...that...\"表\"如此……以致……\"的意思,

用来引导一个结果状语从句;而\"such...as...\"表\"像……这(那)样\"的意思,

用来引导定语从句,

as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等.

试比较下列两个句子:① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他.

② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人.

2.\"the same...that...\"表同一人或物,

而\"the same...as...\"表同种类的东西.

试比较下列两个句子:①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书.

(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样.

(并不是原来的那一本)

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