2016年12月大学英语四级真题？2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案

2016年12月大学英语四级真题？2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

D)Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.

B)Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.

C)Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.

D)Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.

4.A)Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.

B)Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.

C)Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.

D)Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

C)StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.

D)Computerizingmailsortingprocesses.

7.A)Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.

B)Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Question8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.

C)Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.

D)Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.

10.A)Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.

B)Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.

C)Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.

D)Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.

11.A)Heisskilledandexperienced.

C)Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.

D)Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

D)Theychatwithfellowpassengers.

14.A)Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.

B)ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.

C)Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague’shome.

D)Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theydon’thavemuchchoiceofjobs.

B)Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.

C)Theydon’thavetogothroughjobinterviews.

D)Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.

17.A)Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.

C)Visittheschoolcareersservice.

18.A)Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.

B)Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.

C)Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.

D)Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

D)Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.

20.A)Itishealthierthangreentea.

C)Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.

D)Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.

21.A)Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.

C)Ithasmadeteafarmers’lifeeasier.

B)Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.

B)Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.

C)Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.

D)Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.

23.A)Theywereproudoftheircreations.

B)Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.

C)Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.

D)Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.

C)Designhandicraftsthemselves.

D)Learntheimportanceofcreation.

B)Toattractforeigninvestments.

C)Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.

D)Topreservethetraditionalculture.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwillmatchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecrudestcrimes—animalfighting—things__26__workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare__27__andkilledforprofitand“sport,”yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea__28__sentenceforcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convictedanimalfightersonlygetprobation（缓刑）.

Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution（起诉）ofanimalfighters.ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuidelineswhenthey__29__penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelinesareoutdatedandextremely__30__.

TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which__31__thesesentencingguidelines,isrevisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-27months.Thisisastepintheright__32__,butwe’dliketoseetheU.S.SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.

Alongwiththiseffort,we’reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateandfederallawmakersto__33__anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellassupportinglawsandpoliciesthatassistoverburdenedanimal__34__thatcareforanimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis__35__importantbecausethehighcostofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefromgettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

A)Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwithcoworkers,forsome.Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentofproblem-solving,foraluckyfew.

B)Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectlythroughwhathascometobeknownas“gamification”:essentially,turningworkintoagame.“Gamificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakesgamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperienceingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontextssuchastheworkplaceandeducation,”explainsKevinWerbach,agamificationexpertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.

C)Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigitalleaderboardandofferingprizestothewinners,orgivingemployeesdigitalbadgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomeantrainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.CompaniesfromGoogletoL’OrealtoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesomedegreeofgamificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesarejoiningthem.Arecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarketwillgrowfrom$1.65billionin2015to$11.1billionby2020.

D)Theconceptofgamificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengagepeople’sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeen“gamifying”itssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan100years,headds,andthetum-of-the-centurysteelmagnate（巨头）CharlesSchwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohisfactoryandwrittenthenumberoftonsofsteelproducedonthepastshiftonthefactoryfloor,thusmotivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.

E)Buttheword“gamification”andthewidespread,consciousapplicationoftheconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanksinparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceisespeciallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgamified.“Weareatapointwhereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoungpeoplegrewupplayingvideogames,andanincreasinglyhighpercentageofadultsplaythesevideogamestoo，”Werbachsays.

F)Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup—GamEffective,BunchballandBadgeville,tonameafew—inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatformsforbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees’ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative.“Whatmakesagamegame-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,”Werbachsays.“Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroupofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology.”

G)Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeopleoftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamificationmightbeturningtheirsalespitchesintoacompetitionwithotherteammembers,completewithadigitalleaderboardshowingwhoiswinningatalltimes.Othersaremoremotivatedbycollaborationandsocialexperiences.OnecompanyWerbachhasstudiedusesgamificationtocreateasenseofcommunityandboostemployees’morale（士气）.Whenemployeeslogintotheircomputers,they’reshownapictureofoneoftheircoworkersandaskedtoguessthatperson’sname.

H)Gamificationdoesnothavetobedigital.MonicaComettirunsacompanythatgamifiesemployeetrainings.Sometimesthisinvolvestechnology,butoftenitdoesnot.Sherecentlydesignedagamificationstrategyforasalestrainingcompanywithastorm-chasingtheme.Employeesformed“stormchaserteams”andcompetedinstorm-themededucationalexercisestoearnvariousrewards.“Rewardsdonothavetobestuff,”Comettisays.“Rewardscanbeflexibleworkinghours.”Anothertraining,thisoneforpayrolllaw,usedaSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfstheme.“SnowWhite”isavailableforeveryonetouse,butthe“dwarfs”arestillundercopyright,soComettiinventedsound-alikecharacters(GrumpyGus,DopeyDan)toillustratespecificpayrolllawprinciples.

I)Somepeopledonottakenaturallytogamifiedworkenvironments,Comettisays.Inherexperience,peopleinpositionsofpowerorpeopleinfinanceorengineeringdonottendtolikethesoundoftheword.“Ifwearedesigningforengineers,I’mnottalkingabouta‘game’atall,”Comettisays.“I’mtalkingabouta‘simulation’（模拟），I’mtalkingabout‘beingabletosolvethisproblem.’”

J)Gamificationis“notamagicbullet,”Werbachwarns.Agamificationstrategythatisnotsufficientlythoughtthroughorwelltailoredtoitsplayersmayengagepeopleforalittlewhile,butitwillnotmotivatepeopleinthelongterm.Itcanalsobeexploitative,especiallywhenusedwithvulnerablepopulations.Forworkers,especiallylow-paidworkers,whodesperatelyneedtheirjobsyetknowtheycanbeeasilyreplaced,gamificationmayfeelmoreliketheHungerGames.WerbachgivestheexampleofseveralDisneylandhotelsinAnaheim,California,whichusedlargedigitalleaderboardstodisplayhowefficientlylaundryworkerswereworkingcomparedtooneanother.Someemployeesfoundtheboardmotivating.Toothers,itwastheoppositeoffun.Somebegantostoptakingbathroombreaks,worriedthatiftheirproductivityfelltheywouldbefired.Pregnantemployeesstruggledtokeepup.InaLosAngelesTimesarticle,oneemployeereferredtotheboardasa“digitalwhip.”“Itactuallyhadaverynegativeeffectonmoraleandperformance,”Werbachsays.

K)Still,gamificationonlystandstobecomemorepopular,hesays,“asmoreandmorepeoplecomeintotheworkforcewhoarefamiliarwiththestructuresandexpressionsofdigitalgames.”“Wearefarfromreachingthepeak,”Comettiagrees.“Thereisnoreasonthiswillgoaway.”

36.Somefamouscompaniesarealreadyusinggamificationandmorearetryingtodothesame.

37.Gamificationisnotamiraclecureforallworkplacesasitmayhavenegativeresults.

38.Toenhancemorale,onecompanyasksitsemployeestoidentifytheirfellowworkerswhenstartingtheircomputers.

39.Theideaofgamificationwaspracticedbysomebusinessesmorethanacenturyago.

40.Thereisreasontobelievethatgamificationwillbeheretostay.

41.Videogamescontributedinsomewaystothewideapplicationofgamification.

42.Whenturningworkintoagame,itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmakesgamesinteresting.

43.Gamificationinemployeetrainingdoesnotalwaysneedtechnology.

44.Themostsuccessfulgamificationplatformstransformdailyworkassignmentsintofunexperiences.

45.Itisnecessarytousetermsotherthan“gamification”forsomeprofessions.

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.

Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto“solve”problems—realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired—nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings—hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse（信息交流中心）forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham（欺诈）ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.

Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems—classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being—mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic（官僚的）mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.

Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway—thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?

A)Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.

B)Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.

C)Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.

D)Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.

47.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?

48.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?

A)Theyfacilitatestudents’independentlearning.

B)Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.

C)Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.

D)Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.

49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?

A)Itrequirestalentandpractice.

B)Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.

C)Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents’learning.

D)Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.

50.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?

A)Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.

B)Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.

C)Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.

D)Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogotoclassrooms.

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago—byMcDonald’s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity’sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards—likethetoysinMcDonald’sHappyMeals—stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.

Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.

Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.

Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket（彩票）,withaS10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.

“Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,”saysReimann.

Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.

“Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,”saysReimann.“Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional‘thrills.’Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope—astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.”Inotherwords,there’sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.

Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?

Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspa（温泉疗养）weekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant—andmakeyoueatalittleless.

51.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald’sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?

A)Itmayshedlightonpeople'sdesiretocrackasecret.

B)IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald’sbusinesssuccess.

C)Itappealstokid’scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.

D)Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.

52.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?

A)ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald’smore.

B)Mostkidsandadultsdon’tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.

C)Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.

D)Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.

53.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann’sfinding?

A)Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.

B)Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.

C)Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.

D)Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresitthetemptationofafreetoy.

54.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?

A)Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.

B)Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.

C)Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.

D)Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.

55.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann’sfinding?

A)Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.

B)MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald’sexample.

C)Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.

D)Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全部漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。

InChineseculture,yellowisaveryimportantcolor,becauseithasauniquesymbolicmeaning.Infeudalsociety,itembodiedtheruler’spowerandauthority.Atthattime,yellowwasexclusivelyusedforemperors.Royalpalaceswereallpaintedyellowandtheimperialrobeswereinvariablyyellow.However,ordinarypeoplewerebannedfromwearingyellowclothes.InChina,yellowisalsothesymbolofagoodharvest.Whencropsbecomeripeinautumn,thefieldswillgetgoldeneverywhere.Peoplewillcelebratethegreatharvestcheerfully.

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