新概念英语第四册第25课:Non-auditory effects of noise

这次小编给大家整理了新概念英语第四册第25课:Non-auditory effects of noise，本文共5篇，供大家阅读参考。

篇1：新概念英语第四册第25课:Non-auditory effects of noise

Lesson 25   Non-auditory effects of noise噪音的非听觉效应

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?

May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.

在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪声音有切身的体会，他们认为对这个问题进行调查中浪费时间，甚至不愿承认噪音可能对人有影响。另一方面，那些讨 厌噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。要求减少噪音是件好事，但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人 们所信任，这是很遗憾的。

One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.

常见的一种指责是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，最近一家周报刊登了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插图，是一位表情沮丧的女子。图的文字说明：“她是又 一个受害者，成了只会尖叫的可怜虫。”当人们急切地看完正文后，便知道这女子是个打字员，办公室打字机的声音使她越来越烦，最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇 闻的疑难之处是无法区别因果关系。是噪音引起了（精神）病呢，还是（精神）病的症状之一是对噪音的抱怨？另有一位病人可能同样有理由抱怨说，她的邻居们正 在联合起来对她进行诽谤和迫害，不过，人们不会轻信她的抱怨。

What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage -- which really is mental health hazard.

对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进行研究，看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上工作的人，这次 调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音也会使人难受。因此，如果你能想像出和几个中队的喷气机同在一个甲板上是什么 滋味儿的话，你就会认识到现代海军是研究噪音的好地方。但是，不管进行精神病学的调查访问，还是进行客观的测试，都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影 响。这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国早些时候的研究结论：如果噪音对精神健康有影响的话，那也一定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断方法还发现不了。这并 不是证实不存在噪音对健康的影响。但它确实说明，噪音的危险性 -- 比如说 -- 比在孤儿院长大所受的危害要小一些，孤儿院才是真正危害精神健康的地方。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

auditory

adj. 听觉的

inadequate

adj. 不适当的

plea

n. 要求

abatement

n. 减少

discredit

v. 怀疑

allegation

n. 断言

caption

n. 插图说明

wreck

n. 残废人

snag

n. 疑难之处，障碍

anecdote

n. 轶闻

slander

v. 诽谤

persecute

v. 迫害

squadron

n. 中队

psychiatric

adj. 精神病学的

diagnosis

n. 诊所

orphanage

n. 孤儿院

Notes on the text课文注释

1  the Services,军队。

2  On turning eagerly to the text,one learns that...

句中on的意思是 on the occasion of, dircctly after(当时，随后)。

3  aircraft carrier,航空母舰。

4  That does not prove that it does not exist;but it does mean that... 句中出现的3个does的语法功能并不相同，前两个does是一般现在时的否定式使用的助动词，第3个does则是强调用法，有强化句意的作用。

Lesson 25   课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇2：小学英语第四册第25课教案

小学英语第四册第25课教案教学目的与要求：一、能听懂会说本课会话部分内容。二、四会掌握词句 can, spell和 Can you spell your name?三、培养学生团结友爱的思想品质。教学重点：一、单词 can, spell和句子 Can you spell your name?二、对话部分。教学难点 ：Lets be friends.的发音。教具：录音机、玩具小狗、手偶小象、一些名字卡片等。板书设计 ：教学步骤 ：一、复习（一）问候 Hello, boys and girls!How are you? Lets sing the song:“Hello! how are you?”（二）自由会话1．请一位学生介绍自己。2．用 Whats your name? How old are you?等句式编对话。3．随着歌曲 Hello! Whats your name?的音乐传玩具，音乐一停，接到玩具的学生站起来，说出自己的姓名回答歌曲的问话。（三）找一个学生拍球，全体学生数数，从1～25，引出新课。二、呈现新内容（一）老师说 Today, were going to learn a new lesson――Lesson 25.边说边在黑板上画画，并说Whats this? Can you guess?边画边让学生猜。Ss: Oh, its a cat.T: Is it lovely? Whats its name?Ss: Mimi.T: How old is it?边画边与学生对话。Ss: One, three, five. Its five.（二）再画一幅画。教师边说边画Ss: Oh, its a tree.教师准备在树上画个东西，让学生猜要画什么。然后还可问它叫什么，几岁等等。教师说 Look at the tall tree. Whats in the tree? Guess,please.学生看出是个鸟便说Its a bird.（三）教师复述本课会话。T: Mimi says“Can you spell your name?”让学生先说明中文意思后跟读。教师再问全班学生：Can you spell its name?T: Polly answers“Sure. P-O-double L-Y, Polly.”先让学生了解意思后，再复读double．告诉学生There two same letters here, so we can say“double”.如 class,C-L-A double S, class.三、操练与练习（一）依次出示卡片，练习double一词。老师画一幅外国女孩图T: I have a friend. Whats her name?S: Betty.T: Can you spell her name?S: B-E-double T-Y, Betty.依次出示Tommy, Gerry, Molly等图片，学生说对了，老师及时鼓励说 Good! Very good! Wonderful! Excellent!或Clap your hands! Stamp your feet! Say“Great”!等鼓励词语。（二）听两遍录音介绍Lets be friends.（让我们做朋友吧），然后操练两遍。（三）先听录音跟读模仿，然后师生对话，全班分成六大组对话，学生两人各扮演Mimi和Polly并戴头饰进行情景会话。四、巩固（一）教师出示木偶 Mr Elephant，利用本课Learn to say部分与学生对话：Today, we have a new friend in our class. Hes Mr Elepant. Look! Hes coming.教师用手舞动木偶，同时变声说话Hello! Boys and girls. How are you? Whats your name, please? Can you spell your name? How old are you? Lets be friends, OK?（二）出示写有[k$n]卡片并扮作 Mr Elephant说：Who can pronounce the word“can”?学生读音标，并试着书写can 单词。接着出示卡片bag, dad, hand, map, fat,做替换练习，让学生说出其共同音。同样出示[spel]让学生读音标之后拼写spell单词，并替换练习sell, shell, bell, tell, well,让学生说出这些词所含的[e]音。（三）听音乐传toy, dog,音乐一停，持dog的起立回答全班同学的问题。如：Whats your name? Can you spell your name?等等。（四）教师用耳语告诉学生学鸭子、猪的叫声。T: Whats this?Ss: Its a duck/a pig. Its name is Molly/Piggy.等。同样也可让学生做猴子顽皮的动作，让学生猜名字，并拼写名字。（五）书写练习1．让学生边拼读边书写单词can,spell,再写句子Can you spell your name?然后让学生在练习本上抄写一遍。2．做练习册上练习，并一起核对一下答案。3．布置作业 1）听录音读对话。2）做课堂练习册中抄写四会单词及句式。 评析：一、本课突出听说对话，并能模拟情景表演出来，达到运用英语进行交际的目的。二、教师是以娴熟的简笔画和动情的'语言介绍和呈现新的会话内容。黑板上图文并茂，增强了趣味性和感染力。执教者边画边让学生猜她要画什么，让学生在视、听中展开想象力，积极思维。例如，教师边画一只猫，尚未画完时，问： Whats this? Can you guess?学生回答：Is it a dog? Is it a rabbit? Is it a cat?教师肯定地说：Yes. Its a cat. Whats its name?学生会说：Mimi．教师要在一棵树上画个东西，让学生猜要画什么。学生会猜Is it a banana?/a bird?教师问其名字时，如果学生答不上来，教师便告诉学生Its name is Polly.教师继续把重点句型展示出来，Can you spell its name?学生答不出来，教师应告诉学生P-O-double L-Y, Polly的拼法。为强化此句型，教师发问 Can you spell your name?让每个学生都会回答出自己的名字并拼读出来。碰上名字中有相同的字母，教师要引导学生在拼读时要用 double一词，例如 Betty, Tommy等。此后，教师再自己扮演Mimi和Polly，把两只动物的对话完整展现出来。生动形象的图画和有声有色的表演，使学生沉浸在美的欣赏和享受之中，从而展开想象，激发了强烈的求知欲，使学生全身心的投入到语言的学习和实践之中，达到了最佳的教学效果。三、教师还注意教学规律和教学方法。教学单词can，又出示卡片bag, dad, map, fat等引导学生多举例词。教spell时，出示卡片sell, bell, tell, shell,教导学生注意总结拼读规律，巧记单词。指导了学习方法，让学生学到了活的知识。

篇3：新概念英语第三册第25课:The Cutty Sark

Lesson 25   The Cutty Sark“卡蒂萨克”号帆船

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?

One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greewich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she traveled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. These is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

参考译文

人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂萨克”号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上 的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘 帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整 4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。

比赛开始后，“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8 月份“卡蒂萨克”号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安 装就位，这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船 长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜 了，它抵达英国时比“塞姆皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵， “卡帝萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

impressive

adj. 给人深刻印象的

steamship

n.   蒸汽轮船

vessel

n.   轮船，大木船

era

n.   时期，时代

Java

n.   爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）

rudder

n.   舵

roll

v.   颠簸，摇摆

steer

v.   掌握方向

temporary

adj. 临时的

plank

n.   大块木板

fit

v.   安装

Equator

n.   赤道

delay

n.   耽误

Notes on the text课文注释

1  Cutty Sark,“卡蒂萨克”号，19世纪一艘著名的帆船。现在这艘船在伦敦格林威治作为展品被保护了起来。在轮船时代以前，它是那时侯最快的帆船。

2  both these ships，这两艘船·

也可写成both of these ships 或 both ships。

3  The first of the two ships to reach Java ...,两艘船中首先到达爪哇的···。不定式短语to reach Java此处作定语，修饰first。中间被另一个修饰fi rst的介词短语of the two ships所分开。

4  take the lead，领先。

lose one's lead，失去其领先地位。

5  There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily毫无疑间，如果中途没有失去舵，“卡蒂萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。这是一个虚拟语气的句子，是对过去的一种假设。

Lesson 25   课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇4：新概念英语第四册第7课:Bats

Lesson 7   Bats蝙蝠

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?

Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

动物发出的声音不都是用作语言交际。我们只要看一看蝙蝠回声定位这一极不寻常的发现，就可以探究一下声音在什么情况下有绝对的实用价值。

To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.

要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。大家都知道，在墙壁或山腰附近发出的喊声，就会听到回声。固体障碍物越远。回声返回所用时 间就越长。敲打船体所发了的声音会从海底传回来，测出回声间隔的时间，便可算出该处海洋的深度。这样就产生了目前各种船舶上普遍应用的回声探测仪。任何固 体者反射声音，反射的声音因物体的大小和性质的不同而不同。鱼群也反射声音。从测定海深到测定鱼群，这一进展比较容易。根据经验和改进了的仪器，不仅能够 确定鱼群的位置，而且可以根据鱼群回声的特点分辨出是鲱鱼、鳕鱼，这是人们所熟悉的其他鱼。

It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.

人们发现，某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声，并能通过回声来确定并躲开障碍物，或找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回声定位常常可与雷达相比较，其原理是相似的。

New words and expressions生词和短语

bat

n. 蝙蝠

strictly

adv. 明确地

utilitarian

adj.实用的

appreciation

n. 理解

elapse

v. 障碍物

hull

n. 消逝

interval

n. 船体

receipt

n. 间隔

apparatus

n. 收到

shoal

n. 仪器

herring

n. 鱼群

cod

n. 鳕鱼

squeak

n. 尖叫声

Notes on the text课文注释

1  Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,动物发出的声音不全是作语言交流。此句采用了部分否定，既不是否定所有的动物，而只是一部分。serve as,作...之用。

2  turn to,求助于。

3  play a role in,在...方面起作用。

4  in the vicinity of,在...的附近。

5  So was born the echo-sounding appararus,就这样诞生了回声探测仪。这是一个倒装句，主要是为了避免因主语过长而使全句失去平衡，同时也为了使apparatus的定语now in general use in ships紧挨着名词。in general use,普遍使用。

6  steer clear of,避开。

Lesson 7   课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer

篇5：新概念英语第四册第24课:Beauty

Lesson    24   Beatuy美

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What do glimpses of beauty, either in nature or art, often suggest to the human mind?

A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.

一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解和表达日落在他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通往遥远世界的大门。无论是谁，在强烈感受到美的时刻，心中都 不禁油生一种遐想：我们似乎瞥见从另一个世界射向我们的一线光芒，那个世界不仅不同于我们这个世界，而且由于美感的强烈感染，在某些方面比我们这个世界更 美好。虽然这光芒令人眼花缭乱，但它确实给予我们一种不曾经历和无法想象的美感和静谧的启示。这种美感和静谧是我们无法描述的，因为我们发明的语言是用来 描述这个世界的含义，不能随便拿来去描述另一个世界。

That all great has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves and indefinable longing and regret. But, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us. if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.

不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人遐想到进入天外世界的魅力。在某种状态下，大自然也有这种魅力。六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；美丽的 落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下不可名状的渴望和惆怅。如果这个世界不只是一个拙劣的恶作剧，如果人生不只是群星 寒光中平凡的一闪，如果存在不只是对神秘事物的一种空虚的笑声，如果某种玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的邪恶情绪，也不是魔鬼为了捉弄我们，使我们发狂 而送给我们的邪念，一句话，如果美有某种意义的话，我闪千万不要去阐明它的意义。如果我瞥见了只可意会不可言传的事物，企图把它说出来，那上不明智的；对 于我们不理解的事物，我们也不应该去赋予它某种意义。用对我们人类有意义的词解释美是没有意义的。

New words and expressions 生词和短语

intense

adj. 强烈的

aesthetic

adj. 审美的

realm

n. 世界

serenity

n. 静谧

undeniable

adj. 不可否认的

indefinable

adj. 模糊不清的

vulgar

adj.平庸的

radiance

n. 发光

intimation

n. 暗示

unutterable

adj. 不可言传的

invest

v. 赋予

Notes on the text课文注释

1  in moments of intense acsthetic experience, 在感受到强烈美的时候。

2  in some way higher, in some way 是“某种程度上”的意思，higher与前面的different and 是并列的，作realm of existence的定语。

3  yet do they convey a hint of beauty,其中的do起强调作用，放在主语之前更具有强调的意义。

4  In some moods Nature shares it.在某种状态下，大自然也具有这种力量。it 是指前面一句中 this power of suggesting a world beyond。

Lesson 24   课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer