以下是小编为大家准备的不定式作状语,本文共12篇,欢迎大家前来参阅。

篇1:不定式作补语

不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句:

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法:

Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的`动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn't expect there to be so ma

篇2:不定式作定语

不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如:

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles to give light.

篇3:不定式作表语

不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。例如:

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

篇4:分词作状语

分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点,其热点考查内容如下:

一. 确定分词形式

分词作状语时,通常放在句首,并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时,分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时,要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者(即表主动或正在进行),分词形式选用现在分词;如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时(即表被动或完成),分词形式选用过去分词。

例:1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.

A. I saw the book I wanted on the shellB. The book I wanted was on the shell

C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk

分析:分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 如果选A, 该句中没有连词,没能构成并列句和主从复合句,此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C

2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

分析:“Seen from the hill” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知,“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语,它们之间表示被动关系,所以分词形式用seen.

二.确立句子主语可能是谁

确立句子主语可能是谁时,仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。

例:Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.

A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists

分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B

三.独立主格结构

分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时,分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种主语常常是名词或代词,置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系,如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行,选择现在分词,如果它们之间表示被动或完成,选择过去分词。

1, 名词/代词+动词-ing

例:Spring coming on, the trees turned green.

2,名词/代词+动词-ed

例:The question settled, they felt released.

3,with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed

例:With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.

Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.

The battle was over without a shot being fired.

四.分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句。

例:______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.

A. I’m putting onB. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain

分析:在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部分的逻辑关系必须使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B, C两项是非谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部分的逻辑关系. 答案: C

五.现在分词和过去分词作独立成分

英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分,不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。

常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:

Considering (that)…考虑到

supposing (that)… 如果……

generally speaking 一般说来

frankly speaking 坦白说

Judging from… 从…判断

talking of… 说到……

Concerning… 关于

setting aside... 除开……

Coming to…谈到 ……

allowing for... 考虑到……

Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……

Seeing (that)… 既然 ……

given (that)… 假设;如果;考虑到

put frankly 坦白地说

taken as a whole 总的说来

例:1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.

坦白地说,我不同意他说的话。

2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

考虑到他的一般身体状况,他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。

3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?

假如他病了,谁来做这工作呢?

专项练习:

1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing B. introduced

C. introduce D. being introduced

3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.

A. looking B. to look

C. looked D. having looked

4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.

A. Having finished, followed

B. Finished, followed

C. Finishing, following

D. Being finished, being following

5. Finding her car stolen, _____.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. It was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

Key: 1-5 DBAAD

篇5:分词作状语

as i didn't receive any letter from him, i gave him a call.

->not receiving any letter from him, i gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。

if more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

->given more attention,the trees could have grown better.

假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。

典型例题

1)_____ some officials, napoleon inspected his army.

a. followed b. followed by c. being followed d. having been followed

答案b. napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为: with some officials following, napoleon inspected his army.

2)there was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.

a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed

答案b. 由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。

3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

a. heating b. to be heated c. heated d. heat

答案c. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选c。它相当于一个状语从句 when it is heated,…

注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。

(being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。

using the book, i find it useful.

篇6:分词作状语

分词作状语

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

->Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

->Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.

假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。

典型例题

1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed

答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的`含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为: With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.

2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

答案B. 由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。

3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat

答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated,…

注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。

(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。

Using the book, I find it useful.

在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。

篇7:分词作状语

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.->Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.->Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.

假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。

典型例题

1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed

答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为: With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.

2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

答案B. 由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。

3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat

答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated,…

注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。

(Being) used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。

Using the book, I find it useful.

在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。

信息扩展、思维发散

分词的时态

1)与主语动词同时,

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。

Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。

典型例题

The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。

2)先于主动词

While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。

分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out.

做完作业后,他出去了。

典型例题

___ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

分词的语态

1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:

He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人。

He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)

他就是那个被车拦住的人。

2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生

gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人

a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人

a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴

篇8:英语中不定式作状语的语法知识介绍

错误聚焦:

作定语的不定式是短语动词时,注意不能漏掉后面的介词。

有人住的地方。

×There is a place to live.

√There is a place to live in.

(因为按“动宾关系”,to live a place中live是及物动词,不能带宾语,所以是错误的。而to live in a place才能合要求。)

他没有要担心的事。

×He has nothing to worry.

√He has nothing to worry about.

注意:

不定式作定语时常常用主动语态代替被动语态。有时主动语态和被动语态形式的含义有差别。

主动式:There is something to do.

有件要办的事。(主动语态代替被动语态)

被动式:There is something to be done.

有件能办的事。(含义有差别)

6)作状语

不定式常用于充当:目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、句首评注性状语。

They came here to seek a new life.

他们来这里寻求一种新生活。(目的状语)

John went to England to pursue his MBA.

约翰去英国学工商管理硕士学位。(目的状语)

To be frank, I do not agree with you.

坦率地说,我不造成你的话。(评注性状语)

不定式经常放在:

glad, sorry, happy

pleased, eager, lucky

fortunate, proud, angry

surprised, amazed, disappointed

ready, foolish, clever

willing等形容词后面作原因状语。

I’m glad tomeet you here.

在这里见到你真使我高兴。

She is proud to have won the first place.

她因取得第一名而自豪。

Bill was lucky to meet an outstanding teacher.

遇到一位杰出的老师,比尔是很幸运的。

不定式有时(不多)跟only, never连用,作结果状语,往往表示出乎意料:

She woke up only to find herself in a strange place.

她醒来时发现自己落在一个陌生的地方。

The huge tree disappeared never to be seen again.

大树消失了,再也见不到了。

不定式还经常放在句首充当评注性状语。例如:

To tell you the truth, I’m not interested in it.

实话告诉你,我对此没有兴趣。

To be frank, you stillneed to improve your skills.

坦率地说,你还需要提高技能。

To be honest, I’m not an expert.

老实告诉你,我不是专家。

说明:

too…to…结构一般表示“太……而不能……”,不定式表示否定意思:

It’s too late to get tickets for tonight’s movie.

太晚了买不到今晚的电影票。

This plan is too good to be feasible.

这计划太好了反倒实行不了。

但是,有些场合too…to…中的too不作“太,过于”讲,而作“非常,十分”,等于so, very,不定式则表示肯定意义,这时的形容词一般是eager, anxious, glad表示心情的形容词。

The boys were too anxious to see the match.

男孩子急着要看比赛。

The students are too eager to know their test results.

学生们非常渴望知道考试结果。

She is only too happy to go shopping.

去逛商店她再高兴不过了。

篇9:不定式作结果状语与现在分词作结果状语的区别

不定式作结果状语与现在分词作结果状语的区别

不定式作结果状语大家较为熟悉,尤其是在下列常见的句型中:

1. Would you be so kind as to lend me your new bike ?

2. The ice is thick enough to walk on.

3. That’s much too heavy for you to lift.

此外,不定式在表示一个随后发生的动作时,这个不定式短语的功能也是结果状语。不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。如以下例句:

4. He got home to learn that his father was ill.

有时为了强调,可以在不定式短语前加only。

5. Tom got to the station only to find the train had gone.

6. Marry hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.

作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果,是意料中的结果。如以下例句:

7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. “他成为孤儿”是“父母双亡”是直接结果。

8. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. “洪水泛滥”是“大雨滂沱”后意料中的结果。

9. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident. “防止了事故”是“切断电源”的直接结果。

10. He watered the flowers in the garden more often, only making things worse. “园中花木反而更糟”是 “浇水过勤过多”的自然而然的结果。

篇10:浅谈动词不定式作定语

作者:呼振璞

不定式作定语,一般都是作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。

一、不定式与所修饰词之间的关系

1. 主谓关系

被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如:

We need someone to help with the work. (someone will help with the work) 我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。

2. 动宾关系

被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如:

I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)我有许多信要写。

3. 同位关系

不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如:

We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。

4. 状语关系

被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如:

That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。

I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。

二、不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。 如:

I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。

I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。

There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。

不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词一般要省去。如:

He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住。

三、当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。试对比:

There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(有“无聊感”)

There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(即“束手无策”了)

There is nothing to see. 没有东西值得看。

There is nothing to be seen. 什么东西也看不见。

篇11:动词不定式作主语

作者:李守锡

有“鬼精灵”之称的动词不定式,用作宾语、宾补时特别多,其次是定语、状语、表语,这些已飨读者了。今天就让不定式头版头条了却这最后一桩心愿。

一、不定式等非谓语形式作主语时,谓语动词一路走来都是单数身份;不少作主语的不定式与动名词在意义上相同。如:

To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

二、口语中,当作主语的不定式过长时,it不惜屈居有名无实的形式主语,常为平衡关系而挺身而出、替主出征,“真主角”反无官一身轻,悠哉断后。如:

To learn a foreign language well is not easy.→ It's not easy to learn a foreign language well. 要把一门外语学好不容易。

To play football is very interesting. → It's very interesting to play football. 踢足球很有趣。

留言提醒:在实际操作中,不定式(短语)还有权“招聘”一个逻辑主语,并由of / for出面“料理”--It's + adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.,下例中的“for me”即是:

It's hard for me to finish the task in such a short time. 对我而言,要在如此短的时间里完成任务是困难的。

聘of还是for?点击作表语的形容词属性可知:若形容词描述的是人的特征与品行,能修饰人(像kind, nice, good, clever, right, polite, careless等),则“of适宜”;如果形容的是事物的特点或外观等(如easy,hard / difficult, safe, interesting, important,necessary之类),则“for主动上”!下例“正误”可略见一斑:

出席这个会议对你来说很重要。

[误] It's very important of you to attend the meeting.

[正] It's very important for you to attend the meeting.

留言提醒:检验形容词描绘的是不是人的特征与品行、能否修饰人--“sb. be adj.”可助上一臂之力。

三、一个都不能少:还有几种耳熟能详的“不定式作主语”句式。如:

1. It takes / took / will take (sb.) some time to do sth.如:

It takes (us) hours to do our homework every day. 我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。

2. It's + n. + to do sth.如:

It's a mistake for us not to help him. 我们不帮他是个错误。

留言提醒:要对不定式否定,暗号照旧--not在不定式前面加!

3. It cost / costs sb. some time / money to do sth. 如:

It cost me ten yuan to buy this bag. 我花了十元钱买这个书包。

四、时代流行风--主语也能由疑问词how / what / when / where / which等携手与不定式“联袂出演”。如:

Where to put the bikes is being discussed. 把自行车放哪儿正在讨论当中。

When and where to have the meeting hasn't been known. 什么时候、什么地方开会还是未知数。

篇12:文言文名词作状语

文言文名词作状语归纳

作状语有下列七种规律:

规律一:名词活用作状语表示动作行为的状态,翻译的时候,需要在那个活用的名词前加一像字。如樯橹灰飞烟灭句中的灰与烟,一石顶壁起犹数十丈(徐宏祖《游黄山记》)句中的壁,赢粮而影从(贾谊《过秦论》)中的影,就属于这种情况。值得注意的是,有许多成语,如土崩瓦解中的土与瓦、星罗棋布中的星与棋、蚕食鲸吞中的蚕与鲸、风起云涌中的'风与云,也都属于名词活用作状语表状态的例子。仅以土崩瓦解为例,指出一个误区。有人认为土崩与瓦解均为主谓关系,然后构成了联合结构。错了,因为在成语决不是说土与瓦怎么了,而是在比喻某事物像土崩塌瓦破碎一样彻底崩溃了。

规律二;名词活用作状语表示动作行为所涉及的工具与方式,在翻译时,要在活用的那个名词前加上一个介词用。例如有好事者船载以入(《黔之驴》)中的船,狼速去,不然将杖杀汝中的杖,市中游侠儿得佳者而笼养之(《促织》)中的笼,箕畚运于渤海之尾(《愚公移山》)中的箕畚等,就应该归入状语这一种用法。需要指出的是表工具方式的名词状语在翻译时除了可以加介词之外,还可以时灵活一些,如余自齐安适临汝(《石钟山记》)句中的舟行就应该译为乘着小船再如事不目见耳闻而臆断其有无(《石钟山记》)中的目见耳闻也该译为亲眼亲耳才是。

规律三:名词活用作状语表动作行为的频率,这一类句中活用的名词均为时间名词。在翻译时比较灵活,可加介词每,也可将那名词重叠后前边加一,还可译为一比等。比如时间名词日与月活用的例子就有乡邻之生日蹙(《捕蛇者说》)中的日(译为一天比一天),日与北骑相出没于长淮间(《指南录后序》)中日(译为每天),日削月割(《六国论》)中的日月(译为一天天、一月月),族庖月更刀(《庖丁解牛》)中的月(译为每日)等。再如时间名词岁的活用就有宫中尚促织之戏(《促织》)中的岁(译为每年),良庖岁更刀中的岁(也译为每年)等。

规律四:表示动作行为的方位。这一类名词的特点是均为方位名词,翻译时在活用的名词前加上介词向到或者对一类介词。例子俯拾皆是。如大江东去(《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》),孔雀东南飞、北伐、南征、西行等,译时加介词向;外调上访等,译时加到,而外连横而斗诸侯中的外、内惑与郑秀,外欺于张仪中的内与外译时均得加上介词对。

规律五:表示动作行为的处所,那活用的名词的特点是均为处所名词,翻译时加上介词在或者从。如卒廷见相如中的廷应译为在朝廷上,秦伯素服郊次(《崤之战》)中郊也得译为在城郊,草行露宿(《指南》录后序))中的草和露,需译为在草丛中、在露天里,而沛公已去,间至军矣、道芷阳间行两句中的间就应译为从小道了。

规律六:表示对人的态度。翻译时需加上一串文字:像对待一样。如君为我呼入,吾得兄事之(《鸿门宴》)中的兄,人皆得以隶使之(《五人墓碑记》)中的隶,齐将田忌善而客待之(《史记·孙膑列传》)中的客,就需译为像对待兄长一样,像对待奴隶一样,像对待宾客一样。

规律七:表示动作行为所涉及的情理。翻译时在活用的名词前加上按、照按照这一类介词就可以了。如下面的例子,古法采草药多用二月八月(《采草药》)中的古法(译为按照古代的方法),其辈十三人皆已斩,次至信(《史记·淮阴侯列传》)中的次(译为按次序),灵运所未至,理未足怪也(《雁荡山》)中的理(译为照理)予分当引决(《指南录后序》),中的分(译为照名分)等。至于义不赂秦(《六国论》),义不食周粟(《史记·伯夷叔齐列传》)中的义若译为按照正义是可以的,但若稍微灵活一点,译为坚持正义似乎更好些。

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