助动词语法讲解及练习题

今天小编在这给大家整理了助动词语法讲解及练习题，本文共6篇，我们一起来看看吧！

篇1：助动词语法讲解及练习题

一、助动词语法讲解

1. 助动词be的用法

1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：

They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

3) be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如：

He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。

说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令。例如：

You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。

c. 征求意见。例如：

How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?

Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?

d. 表示相约、商定。例如：

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

2. 助动词have的用法

1)have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：

He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：

I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3)have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：

English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。

3.助动词do 的用法

1)构成一般疑问句。例如：

Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?

Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?

2)do + not 构成否定句。例如：

I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。

He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.

过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句。例如：

Don't go there. 不要去那里。

Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。

说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。

4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：

Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。

I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。

I do miss you. 我确实想你。

5)用于倒装句。例如：

Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。

说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6)用作代动词。例如：

---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗?

---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.)

He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车，对吧?

4. 助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：

I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。

说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

He shall come. 他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)

He will come. 他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)

5.助动词should, would的用法

1)should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：“What shall I do next week?” I asked. “我下周干什么?”我问道。

可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。

2) would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如：

He said he would come. 他说他要来。

比较：“I will go,” he said. 他说：“我要去那儿。”变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。

6. 短语动词

动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：

Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词)

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：

1)动词+副词，如：black out;

2)动词+介词，如：look into;

3)动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词

二、练习题：

1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.

A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has

2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.

A. will rise B. shall rise B. should rise would rise

3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.

A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made

4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.

A. don’t/had B. didn’t/have C. didn’t/had D. don’t/have

5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?

A. Do/have come B. Did/will have come C. Does/will come D. Do/will have come

6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.

A. was runing B. was running C. were running D. is running

7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.

A. has/was asked B. have/were asked C. had/is asked D. had/was asked

8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.

A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May

9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.

A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they can’t all D. all they can’t

10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”

A. mustn’t attend B. cannot have attended

C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended

11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”

“No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.”

A. didn’t need to be B. may not have been C. couldn’t have been D. needn’t have been

12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.

A. might B. succeeded to C. would D. was able to

13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat.

A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated C. won’t co-operate D. didn’t co-operate

14.I hoped ______ my letter.

A. her to answer B. that she would answer C. that she answers D. her answering

15.He ______ live in the country than in the city.

A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather

16.______ to see a film with us today?

A. Did you like B. Would you like C. Will you like D. Have you liked

17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.

A. must do B. had to do C. ought to have done D. have to do

18.“Time is running out,______?”

A. hadn’t we better got start B. hadn’t we better get start

c.hadn’t we better get started D. hadn’t we better not started

19.No one ______ that to his face.

A. dares say B. dares saying C. dare say D. dare to say

20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.

A. need B. ought C. must D. dare

答案：

1-10 BDACD BDBCB

11-20 CDCBD BBCCB

篇2：冠词语法讲解及练习题

一、冠词语法讲解

1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。

2.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the。

3.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the. 如：the sun, the moon, the earth。

4.the用于序数词，表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。the first, the best , in the south。

5.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。如：the Browns。

6.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。

7.不能用定冠词the的几个方面： (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football

(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.

8.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：

in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部

in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。

二、练习题

1. When Linda was a child， her mother always let her have ______ bed.

A. the breakfast in B. the breakfast in the C. breakfast in D. breakfast in the

2. Beyond ______ stars the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space.

A. the， 不填 B. 不填，the C. 不填，不填 D. the， the

3. Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.

A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

4. After watching ____ TV， she played _____ violin for an hour.

A. 不填，不填 B. the， the C. the， 不填 D. 不填，the

5. Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places.

A. the， the B. 不填，不填 C. the， 不填 D. 不填，the

6. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.

A. the， 不填 B. the， the C. 不填，the D. 不填，不填

7. Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.

Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a， the B. the， the C. the， a D. a， a

8. She is _____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

A. the， the B. the， 不填 C. a， 不填 D. a， the

9. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.

A. a， 不填 B. the， an C. the， the D. 不填，the

10. ______ usually go to church every Sunday.

A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns

11. The train is running fifty miles ______.

A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour

12. ___ earth we live on is bigger than___ moon.

A. The， a B. The， the C. An， a D. An， the

13. — What’s the matter with you ?

—I caught ___ bad cold and had to stay in ___bed.

A. a， / B. a， the C. a， a D. the， the

14. —Do you know ___ lady in blue?

—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.

A. the B. a C. an D. /

15. —Where’s ___ nearest supermarket?

—It’s over there， just around the corner.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

16. The young man will work in ___ school as a maths teacher.

A. the B. a C. an D. /

17. Most of the representatives think that ______ the meeting was very successful.

A. on whole of B. on a whole C. on the whole D. on the whole that

18. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.

A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor

19. He grabbed me ______ and pulled me onto the bus.

A. a arm B. an arm C. the arm D. by the arm

20. “How did you pay the workers?”

“As a rule， they are paid ______.”

A. by an your B. by the hour C. by a hour D. by hours

21. What _____ exciting football match! Our team beat Tom’s team at last.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

22. In the United States， Father’s Day falls on _____ third Sunday in _____ June.

A. the，不填 B. the， a C. 不填， the D. a， 不填

23. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.

A. A， a B. The， a C. The， the D. A. the

24. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.

A. The， a B. A， / C. A， the D. An， an

25. -What colour is ______ orange?

-It’s _____ orange.

A. an， an B. an， the C. an， / D. /， an

参考答案：

1. C 2. A。太空中的星体或世界上独一无二的东西前应加定冠词。Space作“宇宙空间”解时，也是抽象名词，通常不加冠词

3. C。作invent宾语的名词只能用“the+单数可数名词”，表示发明的某类东西。

4. D。watch TV是习惯搭配，不必用冠词。表示乐器的名词前应用定冠词。

5. C。in the habit of是习惯用语，正如in the morning， on the other hand一样，其中的定冠词不可或缺。Public places是复数名词短语，表示泛指概念，其前面不必用定冠词。

6. C。be in use是习语，在这习语中没有任何冠词。 Thirteenth是序数词，在序数词前应用定冠词。

7. D。问句和答语中的pen均非特指，而是泛指，故应用不定冠词。

8. C。newcomer是单数可数名词，泛指某类人中的一个，要用不定冠词。抽象名词或学科名称前不加任何冠词，chemistry是表示学科的抽象名词，因此前面不加the。

9. A。虽然knowledge是不可数名词，但有of English修饰，故用不定冠词。Trade是抽象名词，前面不应加the。

10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A

14. A。考查the 表示特指的用法。根据题意知道是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那个夫人”。

15. C。考查“the 用在形容词的最高级前”的用法。题意为“最近的超市在哪里?”

16-20 ADDDB 21-25 BACCC

篇3：情态动词语法讲解及练习题

1)表过去的可能和许可，(多用于间接引语中)

At that time we thought the story could not be true.

那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。

Father said I could swim in the river.

爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。

2)表过去的能力

I could swim when I was only six.

我刚六岁就能游泳。

Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。

He could be very naughty when he was a child.

他小时候会是很顽皮的。

3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法

Could I use your bike?

Yes, you can.

他会记得那时吗?

I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.

恐怕我今天不能回答你。

The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.

老师说你可以去商店买糖。

3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。

Can they have won the basketball match?

他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?

What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.

你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。

You could have completed the task a little earlier.

你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)

I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.

我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。

如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to .

He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.

他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。

Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力

I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.

The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out

When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank

篇4：情态动词语法讲解及练习题

1)表示请求、可以、允许。

You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。

2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。

May I come in?

Yes, you may.

No,you can’t

No, you may not .

No ,you mustn’t

No ,you’d better not.

3) may /might 推测性用法 可能

He may be right.

He may not come today (可能不)

He may /might come tomorrow.

, 注意: 1只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中。

2 might 比may可能性更小

He might get a job.

He may get a job.

3 may no 可能不 can not不可能

He may not come

He can’t come

3)表建议(可和as well 连用)

You may(might)as well stay where you are.

你还是原地待着好。(may as well 有“还是……的好”的含义)

4)表祝愿

May you be happy!

篇5：情态动词语法讲解及练习题

1)表示必须、必要

We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。

Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。

2)must be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)

He must be an honest boy. 他一定是个诚实的男孩。

This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。

3)must 的否定式有两个：当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。当表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用must not。

Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗?

Yes, please.是的，请吧!

No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。

4)must +have +过去分词的结构，常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“一定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。

She must have studied English before.她以前一定学过英语。

篇6：情态动词语法讲解及练习题

have to的含义与must是很接近的,只是have to 比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。

I must clean the room.(主观想法)

I have to clean the room.(客观需要)

另外，have to 能用于更多时态：

We had to be there at ten .我们得在十点钟到那里。

We will have to reconsider the whole thing.

这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。

have to 的否定式：don’t have to do 表示“不必做……”之意。